{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T02:03:03Z","timestamp":1780020183548,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis but rarely causes bacteraemia, except in immunocompromised hosts. Carbapenem resistance in\n                      <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      remains uncommon, and the clinical evolution of resistance during infection has not been well described.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report a case series of three immunocompromised adults with recurrent\n                      <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteraemia at a tertiary hospital in Singapore between 2024 and 2025.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All three patients had underlying haematologic or autoimmune disorders associated with hypogammaglobulinaemia. Each experienced multiple episodes of\n                      <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteraemia despite prolonged carbapenem therapy, with isolates showing stepwise increases in meropenem minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) from \u2264\u20090.05\u00a0mg\/L to as high as 16\u00a0mg\/L. No abscesses or drainable foci were identified radiologically. Two patients received regular intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement after low serum IgG levels were detected. In all cases, recurrences ceased after introduction of eravacycline therapy, with or without concurrent oral gentamicin, in combination with IVIG support. One patient later died of progression of underlying lymphoma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This series demonstrates the potential for acquired carbapenem resistance to develop in\n                      <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      during recurrent bacteraemia in immunocompromised hosts. Eravacycline, alongside immunoglobulin replacement, may represent a viable therapeutic option in such refractory infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-026-00833-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T12:14:11Z","timestamp":1775736851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recurrent Campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia with independent acquisition of carbapenem resistance in three ST9611 isolates: a case series in immunocompromised hosts"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3339-7281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinghao Nicholas","family":"Ngiam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7374-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew Chung Yi","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Tung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjie","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ka Lip","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"833_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27330-4","volume":"13","author":"Y Otsuka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Otsuka Y, Hagiya H, Takahashi M, et al. Clinical characteristics of Campylobacter bacteremia: a multicenter retrospective study. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-27330-4.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"833_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.11.004","volume":"88","author":"A Graham","year":"2024","unstructured":"Graham A, Hawkins L, Balasegaram S, et al. A decade of Campylobacter and Campylobacter bacteraemias in a district general hospital and the surrounding London and South East region, England. J Infect. 2024;88(1):15\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.11.004.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"11","key":"833_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.06.027","volume":"30","author":"C Maurille","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maurille C, Gu\u00e9rin F, Jehanne Q, et al. Occurrence of in vivo carbapenem-resistant Campylobacter coli mediated by porA point mutation and overexpression of blaOXA-489 under meropenem treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2024;30(11):1478\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.06.027.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"12","key":"833_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04937-1","volume":"43","author":"R Zhuo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhuo R, Younes RL, Ward K, Yang S. Carbapenem resistant Campylobacter jejuni bacteremia in a Bruton\u2019s X-linked agammaglobulinemia patient. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024;43(12):2459\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-024-04937-1.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"833_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01655-08","volume":"53","author":"DJ Griggs","year":"2009","unstructured":"Griggs DJ, Peake L, Johnson MM, Ghori S, Mott A, Piddock LJV. \u03b2-Lactamase-Mediated \u03b2-Lactam Resistance in Campylobacter Species: Prevalence of Cj0299 (blaOXA-61) and Evidence for a Novel \u03b2-Lactamase in C. jejuni. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53(8):3357\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01655-08.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"22","key":"833_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2016.09.021","volume":"428","author":"LGM Ferrara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferrara LGM, Wallat GD, Moyni\u00e9 L, et al. MOMP from Campylobacter jejuni Is a Trimer of 18-Stranded \u03b2-Barrel Monomers with a Ca2\u2009+\u2009Ion Bound at the Constriction Zone. J Mol Biol. 2016;428(22):4528\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2016.09.021.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"833_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2020.52.3.415","volume":"52","author":"AA Gharamti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gharamti AA, Moukalled N, Taher A, Kanafani ZA. Recurrent Campylobacter Bacteremia as the First Manifestation of Hypogammaglobulinemia: a Case Report and Literature Review. Infect Chemother. 2020;52(3):415\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3947\/ic.2020.52.3.415.","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"833_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2024.100378","volume":"4","author":"E Karofylakis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Karofylakis E, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Uttenthal B, Kumararatne D. Resolution of hypogammaglobulinemia-associated recurrent Campylobacter bacteraemia after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). J Allergy Clin Immunology: Global. 2025;4(1):100378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacig.2024.100378.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunology: Global"},{"issue":"2","key":"833_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020553","volume":"9","author":"I Najjar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Najjar I, Paluca F, Loukidis K, Tarr PE. Recurrent Campylobacter Enteritis in Patients with Hypogammaglobulinemia: Review of the Literature. JCM. 2020;9(2):553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9020553.","journal-title":"JCM"},{"key":"833_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofaf672","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf672","volume":"4","author":"I Bilbao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bilbao I, Ans\u00f3n M, Villar S, et al. Emerging Risk of Campylobacter spp. Infection Associated with Anti-BCMA and Anti-GPRC5D Bispecific Antibodies. 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