{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:08:12Z","timestamp":1784092092015,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":59,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1016249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1016249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"United Animal Health, Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-026-00837-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T13:54:41Z","timestamp":1779026081000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic diversity, antibiotic resistance, and maturation\u2011dependent adhesion of F18 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in porcine intestinal cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9232-8349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas L. F.","family":"Gallina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Irizarry-Tardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Sayedahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jathya C.","family":"Karunathilaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2722-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weicang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3386-4070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"AbdelKhalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3640-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun K.","family":"Bhunia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"837_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-016-0039-9","volume":"2","author":"A Luppi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luppi A, Gibellini M, Gin T, Vangroenweghe F, Vandenbroucke V, Bauerfeind R, Bonilauri P, Labarque G, Hidalgo \u00c1. Prevalence of virulence factors in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with post-weaning diarrhoea in Europe. Porc Health Manag. 2016;2:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40813-016-0039-9.","journal-title":"Porc Health Manag"},{"issue":"sup3","key":"837_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1998.9694967","volume":"20","author":"MJA Nabuurs","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nabuurs MJA. Weaning piglets as a model for studying pathophysiology of diarrhea. Vet Q. 1998;20(sup3):42\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01652176.1998.9694967.","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"837_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2012.09.024","volume":"152","author":"V Melkebeek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Melkebeek V, Goddeeris BM, Cox E. ETEC vaccination in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2013;152(1\u20132):37\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetimm.2012.09.024.","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"837_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.36062\/ijah.58.2SPL.2019.01-18","volume":"58","author":"AK Bhunia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhunia AK. Microbes as a tool to defend against antibiotic resistance in food animal production. Indian J Anim Hlth. 2019;58(2):01\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36062\/ijah.58.2SPL.2019.01-18.","journal-title":"Indian J Anim Hlth"},{"issue":"10","key":"837_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-019-01744-2","volume":"76","author":"AK Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh AK, Bhunia AK. Animal-use antibiotics induce cross-resistance in bacterial pathogens to human therapeutic antibiotics. Curr Microbiol. 2019;76(10):1112\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-019-01744-2.","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"837_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghimpe\u021beanu OM, Pogurschi EN, Popa DC, Dragomir N, Dr\u0103gotoiu T, Mihai OD, Petcu CD. Antibiotic Use in Livestock and Residues in Food-A Public Health Threat: A Review. Foods. 2022;11(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11101430.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11101430"},{"key":"837_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-019-0352-7","volume":"10","author":"D Luise","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luise D, Lauridsen C, Bosi P, Trevisi P. Methodology and application of Escherichia coli F4 and F18 encoding infection models in post-weaning pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2019;10:53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40104-019-0352-7.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"issue":"17","key":"837_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13172791","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13172791","volume":"13","author":"ME Duarte","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duarte ME, Garavito-Duarte Y, Kim SW. Impacts of F18(+) Escherichia coli on Intestinal Health of Nursery Pigs and Dietary Interventions. Animals. 2023;13(17):13172791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani13172791.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"3","key":"837_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06906.x","volume":"119","author":"H Imberechts","year":"1994","unstructured":"Imberechts H, Van Pelt N, De Greve H, Lintermans P. Sequences related to the major subunit gene fedA of F107 fimbriae in porcine Escherichia coli strains that express adhesive fimbriae. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1994;119(3):309\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06906.x.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"837_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1079\/ahr2005105","volume":"6","author":"JM Fairbrother","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fairbrother JM, Nadeau E, Gyles CL. Escherichia coli in postweaning diarrhea in pigs: an update on bacterial types, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies. Anim Health Res Rev. 2005;6(1):17\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/ahr2005105.","journal-title":"Anim Health Res Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"837_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(94)00141-i","volume":"45","author":"P Rippinger","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rippinger P, Bertschinger HU, Imberechts H, Nagy B, Sorg I, Stamm M, Wild P, Wittig W. Designations F18ab and F18ac for the related fimbrial types F107, 2134P and 8813 of Escherichia coli isolated from porcine postweaning diarrhoea and from oedema disease. Vet Microbiol. 1995;45(4):281\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0378-1135(94)00141-i.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"837_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(92)90099-A","volume":"12","author":"PT Willemsen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Willemsen PT, de Graaf FK. Age and serotype dependent binding of K88 fimbriae to porcine intestinal receptors. Microb Pathog. 1992;12(5):367\u201375. 10.1016\/0882\u20134010(92)90099-a.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"10","key":"837_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3178","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.10.3178-3182.1990","volume":"58","author":"PL Conway","year":"1990","unstructured":"Conway PL, Welin A, Cohen PS. Presence of K88-specific receptors in porcine ileal mucus is age dependent. Infect Immun. 1990;58(10):3178\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.58.10.3178-3182.1990.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"837_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.02.007","volume":"122","author":"A Coddens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coddens A, Verdonck F, Tiels P, Rasschaert K, Goddeeris BM, Cox E. The age-dependent expression of the F18\u2009+\u2009E. coli receptor on porcine gut epithelial cells is positively correlated with the presence of histo-blood group antigens. Vet Microbiol. 2007;122(3\u20134):332\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.02.007.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"837_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.53984","volume":"90","author":"ML Jensen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jensen ML, Cilieborg MS, \u00d8stergaard MV, Bering SB, J\u00f8rgensen CB, Sangild PT. Escherichia coli challenge in newborn pigs. J Anim Sci. 2012;90(Suppl 4):43\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2527\/jas.53984.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"837_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7941","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.69.12.7941-7945.2001","volume":"69","author":"A Smeds","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smeds A, Hemmann K, Jakava-Viljanen M, Pelkonen S, Imberechts H, Palva A. Characterization of the adhesin of Escherichia coli F18 fimbriae. Infect Immun. 2001;69(12):7941\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.69.12.7941-7945.2001.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"5","key":"837_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2010029","volume":"41","author":"M Bardiau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bardiau M, Szalo M, Mainil JG. Initial adherence of EPEC, EHEC and VTEC to host cells. Vet Res. 2010;41(5):57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/vetres\/2010029.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"837_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113301","volume":"19","author":"Z Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu Z, Feng H, Cao Y, Huang Y, Dai C, Wu S, Bao W. New Insight into the Molecular Mechanism of the FUT2 Regulating Escherichia coli F18 Resistance in Weaned Piglets. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(11):3301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19113301.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"837_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.12.018","volume":"130","author":"SY Koh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koh SY, George S, Br\u00f6zel V, Moxley R, Francis D, Kaushik RS. Porcine intestinal epithelial cell lines as a new in vitro model for studying adherence and pathogenesis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Vet Microbiol. 2008;130(1\u20132):191\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.12.018.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"837_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.10.017","volume":"156","author":"AJ Brosnahan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brosnahan AJ, Brown DR, Porcine. IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells in microbiological investigations. Vet Microbiol. 2012;156(3):229\u2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.10.017. \u200937.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"837_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132323","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132323","volume":"10","author":"C Nossol","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nossol C, Barta-B\u00f6sz\u00f6rm\u00e9nyi A, Kahlert S, Zuschratter W, Faber-Zuschratter H, Reinhardt N, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K, Diesing A-K. Rothk\u00f6tter H-J. Comparing two intestinal porcine epithelial cell lines (IPECs): morphological differentiation, function and metabolism. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(7):e0132323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132323.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"837_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086","volume":"29","author":"A Gurevich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gurevich A, Saveliev V, Vyahhi N, Tesler G. QUAST: quality assessment tool for genome assemblies. Bioinformatics. 2013;29(8):1072\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"837_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8365","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08365","volume":"5","author":"T Brettin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brettin T, Davis JJ, Disz T, Edwards RA, Gerdes S, Olsen GJ, Olson R, Overbeek R, Parrello B, Pusch GD, et al. RASTtk: a modular and extensible implementation of the RAST algorithm for building custom annotation pipelines and annotating batches of genomes. Sci Rep. 2015;5:8365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep08365.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"837_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz848","volume":"36","author":"PA Chaumeil","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaumeil PA, Mussig AJ, Hugenholtz P, Parks DH. GTDB-Tk: a toolkit to classify genomes with the Genome Taxonomy Database. Bioinformatics. 2019;36(6):1925\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz848.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"837_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda V, Gambino M, Pedersen K, Haugegaard S, Olsen JE, Herrero-Fresno A. F4- and F18-Positive Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrhea of Postweaning Pigs: Genomic Characterization. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2020;86(23). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.01913-20.","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01913-20"},{"issue":"1","key":"837_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10210-3","volume":"10","author":"JP Meier-Kolthoff","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meier-Kolthoff JP, G\u00f6ker M. TYGS is an automated high-throughput platform for state-of-the-art genome-based taxonomy. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):2182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-10210-3.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"D1","key":"837_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D801","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab902","volume":"50","author":"JP Meier-Kolthoff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meier-Kolthoff JP, Carbasse JS, Peinado-Olarte RL, G\u00f6ker M. TYGS and LPSN: a database tandem for fast and reliable genome-based classification and nomenclature of prokaryotes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50(D1):D801\u201307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkab902.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"837_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D884","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf1110","volume":"54","author":"HM Freese","year":"2026","unstructured":"Freese HM, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Sard\u00e0 Carbasse J, Afolayan Ayorinde O, G\u00f6ker M. TYGS and LPSN in 2025: a Global Core Biodata Resource for genome-based classification and nomenclature of prokaryotes within DSMZ Digital Diversity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2026;54(D1):D884\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkaf1110.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"837_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msv150","volume":"32","author":"V Lefort","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lefort V, Desper R, Gascuel O. FastME 2.0: A Comprehensive, Accurate, and Fast Distance-Based Phylogeny Inference Program. Mol Biol Evol. 2015;32(10):2798\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msv150.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"837_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(00)00222-0","volume":"43","author":"PH Roberts","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roberts PH, Davis KC, Garstka WR, Bhunia AK. Lactate dehydrogenase release assay from Vero cells to distinguish verotoxin producing Escherichia coli from non-verotoxin producing strains. J Microbiol Meth. 2001;43(3):171\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0167-7012(00)00222-0.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Meth"},{"key":"837_CR31","unstructured":"CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 35th Edition. CLSI supplement M100., 35th edn; 2025."},{"issue":"5","key":"837_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.5.1963-1971.1992","volume":"60","author":"H Imberechts","year":"1992","unstructured":"Imberechts H, De Greve H, Schlicker C, Bouchet H, Pohl P, Charlier G, Bertschinger H, Wild P, Vandekerckhove J, Van Damme J, et al. Characterization of F107 fimbriae of Escherichia coli 107\/86, which causes edema disease in pigs, and nucleotide sequence of the F107 major fimbrial subunit gene, fedA. Infect Immun. 1992;60(5):1963\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.60.5.1963-1971.1992.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"837_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.1.149-150.1988","volume":"26","author":"RB Westerman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Westerman RB, Mills KW, Phillips RM, Fortner GW, Greenwood JM. Predominance of the ac variant in K88-positive Escherichia coli isolates from swine. J Clin Microbiol. 1988;26(1):149\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.26.1.149-150.1988.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"837_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5228","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13559","volume":"18","author":"F Larsonneur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Larsonneur F, Martin FA, Mallet A, Martinez-Gil M, Semetey V, Ghigo JM, Beloin C. Functional analysis of Escherichia coli Yad fimbriae reveals their potential role in environmental persistence. Environ Microbiol. 2016;18(12):5228\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.13559.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"837_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5311","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.186.16.5311-5320.2004","volume":"186","author":"A Ludwig","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ludwig A, von Rhein C, Bauer S, Huttinger C, Goebel W. Molecular Analysis of Cytolysin A (ClyA) in Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains. J Bacteriol. 2004;186(16):5311\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.186.16.5311-5320.2004.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"3","key":"837_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.68.3.1400-1407.2000","volume":"68","author":"PI Tarr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tarr PI, Bilge SS, Vary JC Jr., Jelacic S, Habeeb RL, Ward TR, Baylor MR, Besser TE. Iha: a novel Escherichia coli O157:H7 adherence-conferring molecule encoded on a recently acquired chromosomal island of conserved structure. Infect Immun. 2000;68(3):1400\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.68.3.1400-1407.2000.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"9","key":"837_CR37","first-page":"687","volume":"11","author":"EB Hartad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hartad EB, Effendi MH, Plumeriastuti H, Sofiana ED, Wibisono FM, Hidayatullah AR. A review of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in piglets: Public health importance. Syst Rev Pharm. 2020;11(9):687\u201398. http:\/\/repository.unair.ac.id\/id\/eprint\/127148.","journal-title":"Syst Rev Pharm"},{"key":"837_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Poirel L, Madec JY, Lupo A, Schink AK, Kieffer N, Nordmann P, Schwarz S. Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr. 2018;6(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.ARBA-0026-2017.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.ARBA-0026-2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"837_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-1135(02)00348-6","volume":"93","author":"K Frydendahl","year":"2003","unstructured":"Frydendahl K, K\u00e5re Jensen T, Strodl Andersen J, Fredholm M, Evans G. Association between the porcine Escherichia coli F18 receptor genotype and phenotype and susceptibility to colonisation and postweaning diarrhoea caused by E. coli O138:F18. Vet Microbiol. 2003;93(1):39\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-1135(02)00348-6.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"837_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00749","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00749-24","volume":"90","author":"Y Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu Y, Nawrocki EM, M\u2019ikanatha NM, Dudley EG. Host species shapes genotype, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence profiles of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) from livestock in the United States. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2024;90(8):e00749\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.00749-24.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"837_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang X, Wu Y, Liu Q, Sun H, Luo M, Xiong Y, Matussek A, Hu B, Bai X. Genomic Characteristics of Stx2e-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Derived from Humans, Animals, and Meats. Pathogens. 2021;10(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens10121551.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10121551"},{"issue":"1","key":"837_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12010112","volume":"12","author":"P Bassi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bassi P, Bosco C, Bonilauri P, Luppi A, Fontana MC, Fiorentini L, Rugna G. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors assessment in Escherichia coli isolated from swine in Italy from 2017 to 2021. Pathogens. 2023;12(1):112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens12010112.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"11","key":"837_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110796","volume":"9","author":"R Mazumder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mazumder R, Abdullah A, Ahmed D, Hussain A. High prevalence of Bla CTX-M-15 gene among extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates causing extraintestinal infections in Bangladesh. Antibiotics. 2020;9(11):796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics9110796.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"1","key":"837_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-017-0063-4","volume":"3","author":"A Luppi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luppi A. Swine enteric colibacillosis: diagnosis, therapy and antimicrobial resistance. Por Hlth Manage. 2017;3(1):16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40813-017-0063-4.","journal-title":"Por Hlth Manage"}],"container-title":["Gut Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13099-026-00837-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13099-026-00837-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13099-026-00837-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T04:58:26Z","timestamp":1784091506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13099-026-00837-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["837"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13099-026-00837-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8834505\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.64898\/2026.01.23.701439","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1757-4749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-4749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The research was partially funded by United Animal Health (UAH), Inc (Sheridan, IN). The author NH is employed by UAH.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"56"}}