{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T04:52:40Z","timestamp":1793767960255,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mobile DNA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The IS<jats:italic>6<\/jats:italic>family of bacterial and archaeal insertion sequences, first identified in the early 1980s, has proved to be instrumental in the rearrangement and spread of multiple antibiotic resistance. Two IS, IS<jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic>(found in many enterobacterial clinical isolates as components of both chromosome and plasmids) and IS<jats:italic>257<\/jats:italic>(identified in the plasmids and chromosomes of gram-positive bacteria), have received particular attention for their clinical impact. Although few biochemical data are available concerning the transposition mechanism of these elements, genetic studies have provided some interesting observations suggesting that members of the family might transpose using an unexpected mechanism. In this review, we present an overview of the family, the distribution and phylogenetic relationships of its members, their impact on their host genomes and analyse available data concerning the particular transposition pathways they may use. We also provide a mechanistic model that explains the recent observations on one of the IS<jats:italic>6<\/jats:italic>family transposition pathways: targeted cointegrate formation between replicons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13100-021-00239-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T12:13:22Z","timestamp":1616501602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["The IS6 family, a clinically important group of insertion sequences including IS26"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8876-3269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Varani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Siguier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0292-6662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Chandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"239_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahillon J, Chandler M. Insertion sequences. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998; 62(3):725\u2013774. PMCID: PMC98933.","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.3.725-774.1998"},{"key":"239_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siguier P, Gourbeyre E, Chandler M. Bacterial insertion sequences: their genomic impact and diversity. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2014; 38(5):865\u2013891. PMCID: PMC7190074.","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12067"},{"key":"239_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siguier P, Perochon J, Lestrade L, Mahillon J, Chandler M. ISfinder: the reference centre for bacterial insertion sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006; 34(Database issue):D32\u2013D36. PMCID: PMC1347377.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj014"},{"key":"239_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siguier P, Gourbeyre E, Varani A, Ton-Hoang B, Chandler M. Everyman\u2019s guide to bacterial insertion sequences. Microbiol Spectr. 2015; 3(2):MDNA3\u2013M0030. PMID: 26104715","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MDNA3-0030-2014"},{"key":"239_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siguier P, Gagnevin L, Chandler M. The new IS1595 family, its relation to IS1 and the frontier between insertion sequences and transposons. Res Microbiol 2009;160(3):232\u2013241. PMID: 19286454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2009.02.003"},{"key":"239_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Enright AJ, Van Dongen S, Ouzounis CA. An efficient algorithm for large-scale detection of protein families. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002; 30(7):1575\u20131584. PMCID: PMC101833.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.7.1575"},{"key":"239_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Partridge SR, Kwong SM, Firth N, Jensen SO. Mobile genetic elements associated with antimicrobial resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018;31(4). PMCID: PMC6148190.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00088-17"},{"key":"239_CR8","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Mob DNA","author":"DJ Galas","year":"1989","unstructured":"Galas DJ, Chandler M. Bacterial Insertion Sequences. In: Berg DE, Howe MM, editors. Mob DNA. Washington: American Society for Microbiology; 1989. p. 109\u201362."},{"key":"239_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berg DE, Davies J, Allet B, Rochaix JD. Transposition of R factor genes to bacteriophage lambda. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1975; 72(9):3628\u20133632. PMCID: PMC433049.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.9.3628"},{"key":"239_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Labigne-Roussel A, Courvalin P. IS15, a new insertion sequence widely spread in R plasmids of gram- negative bacteria. MolGenGenet. 1983;189:102\u2013112. PMCID: 6304459.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00326061"},{"key":"239_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trieu-Cuot P, Courvalin P. Nucleotide sequence of the transposable element IS15. Gene. 1984;30:113\u2013120. PMCID: 6096209.","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(84)90111-2"},{"key":"239_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trieu-Cuot P, Courvalin P. Transposition behavior of IS15 and its progenitor IS15-delta: are cointegrates exclusive end products? Plasmid. 1985;14(1):80\u201389. PMID: 2994132","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-619X(85)90034-4"},{"key":"239_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mollet B, Iida S, Shepherd J, Arber W. Nucleotide sequence of IS26, a new prokaryotic mobile genetic element. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983; 11(18):6319\u20136330. PMCID: PMC326375.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/11.18.6319"},{"key":"239_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iida S, Mollet B, Meyer J, Arber W. Functional characterization of the prokaryotic mobile genetic element IS26. Mol Gen Genet 1984;198(2):84\u201389. PMID: 6097800","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00328705"},{"key":"239_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mollet B, Iida S, Arber W. Gene organization and target specificity of the prokaryotic mobile genetic element IS26. Mol Gen Genet 1985;201(2):198\u2013203. PMID: 3003524","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00425660"},{"key":"239_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown AM, Coupland GM, Willetts NS. Characterization of IS46, an insertion sequence found on two IncN plasmids. J Bacteriol. 1984; 159(2):472\u2013481. PMCID: PMC215669.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.159.2.472-481.1984"},{"key":"239_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nucken EJ, Henschke RB, Schmidt FR. Nucleotide-sequence of insertion element IS15 delta IV from plasmid pBP11. DNA Seq. 1990;1:85\u201388. PMCID: 1966776.","DOI":"10.3109\/10425179009041351"},{"key":"239_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Br\u00e4u B, Piepersberg W. Cointegrational transduction and mobilization of gentamicin resistance plasmid pWP14a is mediated by IS140. Mol Gen Genet 1983;189(2):298\u2013303. PMID: 6304469","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00337820"},{"key":"239_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nies BA, Meyer JF, Wiedemann B. Tn2440, a composite tetracycline resistance transposon with direct repeated copies of IS160 at its flanks. J Gen Microbiol 1985;131(9):2443\u20132447. PMID: 2999303","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-131-9-2443"},{"key":"239_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colonna B, Bernardini M, Micheli G, Maimone F, Nicoletti M, Casalino M. The Salmonella wien virulence plasmid pZM3 carries Tn1935, a multiresistance transposon containing a composite IS1936-kanamycin resistance element. Plasmid. 1988;20(3):221\u2013231. PMID: 2854280","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-619X(88)90028-5"},{"key":"239_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barg NL, Register S, Thomson C, Amyes S. Sequence identity with type VIII and association with IS176 of type IIIc dihydrofolate reductase from Shigella sonnei. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995; 39(1):112\u2013116. PMCID: PMC162495.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.1.112"},{"key":"239_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall RM. pKM101 is an IS46-promoted deletion of R46. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987; 15(13):5479. PMCID: PMC305975.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/15.13.5479"},{"key":"239_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harmer CJ, Pong CH, Hall RM. Structures bounded by directly-oriented members of the IS26 family are pseudo-compound transposons. Plasmid. 2020;111:102530. PMID: 32871211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2020.102530"},{"key":"239_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drozdetskiy A, Cole C, Procter J, Barton GJ. JPred4: a protein secondary structure prediction server. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;43(W1):W389\u2013W394. PMCID: PMC4489285.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv332"},{"key":"239_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crooks GE, Hon G, Chandonia JM, Brenner SE. WebLogo: a sequence logo generator. Genome Res. 2004 ; 14(6):1188\u20131190. PMCID: PMC419797.","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.849004"},{"key":"239_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correia FF, Inouye S, Inouye M. A family of small repeated elements with some transposon-like properties in the genome of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Biol Chem 1988;263(25):12194\u201312198. PMID: 2842323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)37738-X"},{"key":"239_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miriagou V, Carattoli A, Tzelepi E, Villa L, Tzouvelekis LS. IS26-associated In4-type integrons forming multiresistance loci in enterobacterial plasmids. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005; 49(8):3541\u20133543. PMCID: PMC1196216.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.8.3541-3543.2005"},{"key":"239_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Partridge SR, Zong Z, Iredell JR. Recombination in IS26 and Tn2 in the evolution of multiresistance regions carrying blaCTX-M-15 on conjugative IncF plasmids from Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011; 55(11):4971\u20134978. PMCID: PMC3195058.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00025-11"},{"key":"239_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Y-G, Johnson TA, Su J-Q, Qiao M, Guo G-X, Stedtfeld RD, Hashsham SA, Tiedje JM. Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese swine farms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013; 110(9):3435\u20133440. PMCID: PMC3587239.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222743110"},{"key":"239_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mollet B, Clerget M, Meyer J, Iida S. Organization of the Tn6-related kanamycin resistance transposon Tn2680 carrying two copies of IS26 and an IS903 variant, IS903. B. J Bacteriol. 1985; 163(1):55\u201360. PMCID: PMC219079.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.163.1.55-60.1985"},{"key":"239_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee KY, Hopkins JD, Syvanen M. Direct involvement of IS26 in an antibiotic resistance operon. J Bacteriol. 1990; 172(6):3229\u20133236. PMCID: PMC209129.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.172.6.3229-3236.1990"},{"key":"239_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barberis-Maino L, Berger-Bachi B, Weber H, Beck WD, Kayser FH. IS431, a staphylococcal insertion sequence-like element related to IS26 from Proteus vulgaris. Gene. 1987;59:107\u2013113. PMCID: 2830163.","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(87)90271-X"},{"key":"239_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin C, Gomez-Lus R, Ortiz JM, Garcia-Lobo JM. Structure and mobilization of an ampicillin and gentamicin resistance determinant. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987; 31(8):1266\u20131270. PMCID: PMC174916.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.31.8.1266"},{"key":"239_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wrighton CJ, Strike P. A pathway for the evolution of the plasmid NTP16 involving the novel kanamycin resistance transposon Tn4352. Plasmid. 1987;17(1):37\u201345. PMID: 3033719","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-619X(87)90006-0"},{"key":"239_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delecluse A, Bourgouin C, Klier A, Rapoport G. Nucleotide sequence and characterization of a new insertion element, IS240, from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. Plasmid. 1989;21(1):71\u201378. PMID: 2543009","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-619X(89)90088-7"},{"key":"239_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundstrom L, Jansson C, Bremer K, Heikkila E, Olsson-Liljequist B, Skold O. A new dhfrVIII trimethoprim-resistance gene, flanked by IS26, whose product is remote from other dihydrofolate reductases in parsimony analysis. Gene. 1995;154:7\u201314. PMCID: 7867952.","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(94)00905-8"},{"key":"239_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doublet B, Praud K, Weill F-X, Cloeckaert A. Association of IS26-composite transposons and complex In4-type integrons generates novel multidrug resistance loci in Salmonella genomic island 1. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;63(2):282\u2013289. PMID: 19074421","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn500"},{"key":"239_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailey JK, Pinyon JL, Anantham S, Hall RM. Distribution of the blaTEM gene and blaTEM-containing transposons in commensal Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011;66(4):745\u2013751. PMID: 21393132","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq529"},{"key":"239_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lambert T, Gerbaud G, Courvalin P. Characterization of transposon Tn1528, which confers amikacin resistance by synthesis of aminoglycoside 3\u2032-O-phosphotransferase type VI. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994; 38(4):702\u2013706. PMCID: PMC284528.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.4.702"},{"key":"239_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harmer CJ, Hall RM. An analysis of the IS6\/IS26 family of insertion sequences: is it a single family? Microb Genom. 2019;5(9). PMCID: PMC6807381.","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000291"},{"key":"239_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fil\u00e9e J, Siguier P, Chandler M. Insertion sequence diversity in archaea. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2007; 71(1):121\u2013157. PMCID: PMC1847376.","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00031-06"},{"key":"239_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pong CH, Harmer CJ, Ataide SF, Hall RM. An IS26 variant with enhanced activity. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019 Feb;366(3). PMID: 30753435","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnz031"},{"issue":"1","key":"239_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-619X(85)90034-4","volume":"14","author":"P Trieu-Cuot","year":"1985","unstructured":"Trieu-Cuot P, Courvalin P. Transposition behavior of IS15 and its progenitor IS15-\u0394: are cointegrates exclusive end products? Plasmid. 1985;14(1):80\u20139.","journal-title":"Plasmid."},{"key":"239_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinson DG, Lee M-C, Marx CJ. OASIS: an automated program for global investigation of bacterial and archaeal insertion sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;40(22):e174. PMCID: PMC3526298.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks778"},{"key":"239_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie Z, Tang H. ISEScan: automated identification of insertion sequence elements in prokaryotic genomes. Bioinformatics. 2017;33(21):3340\u20133347. PMID: 29077810","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx433"},{"key":"239_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biswas A, Gauthier DT, Ranjan D, Zubair M. ISQuest: finding insertion sequences in prokaryotic sequence fragment data. Bioinformatics. 2015;31(21):3406\u20133412. PMID: 26116929","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv388"},{"key":"239_CR47","unstructured":"Martin C, Timm J, Rauzier J, Gomez-Lus R, Davies J, Gicquel B. Transposition of an antibiotic resistance element in mycobacteria. Nature. 1990;345(6277):739\u2013743. PMID: 2163027"},{"key":"239_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kato K, Ohtsuki K, Mitsuda H, Yomo T, Negoro S, Urabe I. Insertion sequence IS6100 on plasmid pOAD2, which degrades nylon oligomers. J Bacteriol. 1994;176(4):1197\u20131200. PMCID: PMC205175.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.176.4.1197-1200.1994"},{"key":"239_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall RM, Brown HJ, Brookes DE, Stokes HW. Integrons found in different locations have identical 5\u2032 ends but variable 3\u2032 ends. J Bacteriol. 1994; 176(20):6286\u20136294. PMCID: PMC196970.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.176.20.6286-6294.1994"},{"key":"239_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Partridge SR, Brown HJ, Stokes HW, Hall RM. Transposons Tn1696 and Tn21 and their integrons In4 and In2 have independent origins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45(4):1263\u20131270. PMCID: PMC90453.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.4.1263-1270.2001"},{"key":"239_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bissonnette L, Champetier S, Buisson J-P, Roy P. Characterization of the Nonenzymatic Chloramphenicol Resistance (cmlA) Gene of the 1n4 Integron of Tn1696: Similarity of the Product. J Bacteriol. 1991; 173:4493\u20134502. PMCID: 1648560.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.173.14.4493-4502.1991"},{"key":"239_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundin GW, Bender CL. Expression of the strA-strB streptomycin resistance genes in Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas campestris and characterization of IS6100 in X. campestris. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995; 61(8):2891\u20132897. PMCID: PMC167566.","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.61.8.2891-2897.1995"},{"key":"239_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyd DA, Peters GA, Ng L, Mulvey MR. Partial characterization of a genomic island associated with the multidrug resistance region of Salmonella enterica Typhymurium DT104. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000;189(2):285\u2013291. PMID: 10930753","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09245.x"},{"key":"239_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preston KE, Hitchcock SA, Aziz AY, Tine JA. The complete nucleotide sequence of the multi-drug resistance-encoding IncL\/M plasmid pACM1. Plasmid. 2014;76:54\u201365. PMID: 25291385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2014.08.005"},{"key":"239_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leelaporn A, Firth N, Byrne ME, Roper E, Skurray RA. Possible role of insertion sequence IS257 in dissemination and expression of high- and low-level trimethoprim resistance in staphylococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994; 38(10):2238\u20132244. PMCID: PMC284724.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.10.2238"},{"key":"239_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simpson AE, Skurray RA, Firth N. An IS257-derived hybrid promoter directs transcription of a tetA(K) tetracycline resistance gene in the Staphylococcus aureus chromosomal mec region. J Bacteriol. 2000 ;182(12):3345\u20133352. PMCID: PMC101884.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.12.3345-3352.2000"},{"key":"239_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Hassan L, Opazo A, Lopes BS, Mahallawy HE, Amyes SGB. Variations in IS6 promoters alter the expression of carbapenem resistance in related strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2015;3(1):5\u20138. PMID: 27873653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2014.10.003"},{"key":"239_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen T-L, Wu RC-C, Shaio M-F, Fung C-P, Cho W-L. Acquisition of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with an upstream IS1008 insertion conferring a high level of carbapenem resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008; 52(7):2573\u20132580. PMCID: PMC2443897.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00393-08"},{"key":"239_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allmansberger R, Brau B, Piepersberg W. Genes for gentamicin-(3)-N-acetyl-transferases III and IV. II. Nucleotide sequences of three AAC (3)-III genes and evolutionary aspects. MolGenGenet. 1985;198:514\u2013520. PMCID: 3892230.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00332949"},{"key":"239_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(89)90160-1","volume":"76","author":"D Rouch","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rouch D, Skurray R. IS257 from Staphylococcus aureus member of an insertion sequence superfamily Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Gene. 1989;76:195\u2013205. 2546857.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"239_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1989.tb01805.x","volume":"3","author":"DA Rouch","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rouch DA, Messerotti LJ, Loo SL, Jackson CA, Skurray RA. Trimethoprim resistance transposon Tn4003 from Staphylococcus aureus encodes genes for a dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase flanked by three copies of IS257. Mol Microbiol. 1989;3:161\u201375.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"239_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stewart PR, Dubin DT, Chikramane SG, Inglis B, Matthews PR, Poston SM. IS257 and small plasmid insertions in the mec region of the chromosome of Staphylococcus aureus. Plasmid. 1994;31:12\u201320. PMCID: 8171122.","DOI":"10.1006\/plas.1994.1002"},{"key":"239_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeShazer D, Wood GE, Friedman RL. Molecular characterization of catalase from Bordetella pertussis: identification of the katA promoter in an upstream insertion sequence. Mol Microbiol 1994;14(1):123\u2013130. PMID: 7830550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01272.x"},{"key":"239_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim EH, Aoki T. The transposon-like structure of IS26-tetracycline, and kanamycin resistance determinant derived from transferable R plasmid of fish pathogen, Pasteurella piscicida. Microbiol Immunol 1994;38(1):31\u201338. PMID: 8052160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1994.tb01741.x"},{"key":"239_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naas T, Philippon L, Poirel L, Ronco E, Nordmann P. An SHV-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999; 43(5):1281\u20131284. PMCID: PMC89260.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.5.1281"},{"key":"239_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thierry D, Brisson-No\u00ebl A, Vincent-L\u00e9vy-Fr\u00e9bault V, Nguyen S, Guesdon JL, Gicquel B. Characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis insertion sequence, IS6110, and its application in diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol. 1990; 28(12):2668\u20132673. PMCID: PMC268253.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.28.12.2668-2673.1990"},{"key":"239_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thierry D, Cave MD, Eisenach KD, Crawford JT, Bates JH, Gicquel B, Guesdon JL. IS6110, an IS-like element of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990; 18(1):188. PMCID: PMC330226.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.1.188"},{"key":"239_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thierry D, Matsiota-Bernard P, Pitsouni E, Costopoulos C, Guesdon JL. Use of the insertion element IS6110 for DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates presenting various profiles of drug susceptibility. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1993;6(4):287\u2013297. PMID: 8098974","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1993.tb00341.x"},{"key":"239_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne ME, Gillespie MT, Skurray RA. Molecular analysis of a gentamicin resistance transposonlike element on plasmids isolated from North American Staphylococcus aureus strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990; 34(11):2106\u20132113. PMCID: PMC172007.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.11.2106"},{"key":"239_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cain AK, Hall RM. Transposon Tn5393e carrying the aphA1-containing transposon Tn6023 upstream of strAB does not confer resistance to streptomycin. Microb Drug Resist 2011;17(3):389\u2013394. PMID: 21702681","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2011.0037"},{"key":"239_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertini A, Poirel L, Bernabeu S, Fortini D, Villa L, Nordmann P, Carattoli A. Multicopy blaOXA-58 gene as a source of high-level resistance to carbapenems in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007; 51(7):2324\u20132328. PMCID: PMC1913244.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01502-06"},{"key":"239_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zienkiewicz M, Kern-Zdanowicz I, Carattoli A, Gniadkowski M, Ceg\u0142owski P. Tandem multiplication of the IS26-flanked amplicon with the Bla (SHV-5) gene within plasmid p1658\/97. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013;341(1):27\u201336. PMID: 23330672","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12084"},{"key":"239_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loli A, Tzouvelekis LS, Tzelepi E, Carattoli A, Vatopoulos AC, Tassios PT, Miriagou V. Sources of diversity of carbapenem resistance levels in Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying blaVIM-1. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;58(3):669\u2013672. PMID: 16870645","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl302"},{"issue":"3","key":"239_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks459","volume":"68","author":"SJ Nigro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nigro SJ, Farrugia DN, Paulsen IT, Hall RM. A novel family of genomic resistance islands, AbGRI2, contributing to aminoglycoside resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates belonging to global clone 2. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013;68(3):554\u20137. 23169892.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"239_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cullik A, Pfeifer Y, Prager R, von Baum H, Witte W. A novel IS26 structure surrounds blaCTX-M genes in different plasmids from German clinical Escherichia coli isolates. J Med Microbiol 2010;59(Pt 5):580\u2013587. PMID: 20093380","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.016188-0"},{"key":"239_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He S, Hickman AB, Varani AM, Siguier P, Chandler M, Dekker JP, Dyda F. Insertion Sequence IS26 Reorganizes Plasmids in Clinically Isolated Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria by Replicative Transposition. MBio. 2015; 6(3):e00762. PMCID: PMC4471558.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00762-15"},{"key":"239_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliva M, Monno R, Addabbo P, Pesole G, Scrascia M, Calia C, Dionisi AM, Chiara M, Horner DS, Manzari C, Pazzani C. IS26 mediated antimicrobial resistance gene shuffling from the chromosome to a mosaic conjugative FII plasmid. Plasmid. 2018;100:22\u201330. PMID: 30336162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2018.10.001"},{"key":"239_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faccone D, Martino F, Albornoz E, Gomez S, Corso A, Petroni A. Plasmid carrying mcr-9 from an extensively drug-resistant NDM-1-producing Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. quasipneumoniae clinical isolate. Infect Genet Evol 2020;81:104273. PMID: 32145334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104273"},{"key":"239_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Post V, Hall RM. AbaR5, a large multiple-antibiotic resistance region found in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009; 53(6):2667\u20132671. PMCID: PMC2687260.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01407-08"},{"key":"239_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hua X, Zhang L, Moran RA, Xu Q, Sun L, van Schaik W, Yu Y. Cointegration as a mechanism for the evolution of a KPC-producing multidrug resistance plasmid in Proteus mirabilis. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020; 9(1):1206\u20131218. PMCID: PMC7448864.","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1773322"},{"key":"239_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szczepanowski R, Braun S, Riedel V, Schneiker S, Krahn I, P\u00fchler A, Schl\u00fcter A. The 120 592 bp IncF plasmid pRSB107 isolated from a sewage-treatment plant encodes nine different antibiotic-resistance determinants, two iron-acquisition systems and other putative virulence-associated functions. Microbiology (Reading, Engl). 2005; 151(Pt 4):1095\u20131111. PMID: 15817778","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27773-0"},{"key":"239_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Labigne-Roussel A, Briaux-Gerbaud S, Courvalin P. Tn1525, a kanamycin R determinant flanked by two direct copies of IS15. Mol Gen Genet 1983;189(1):90\u2013101. PMID: 6304464","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00326060"},{"key":"239_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGann P, Courvalin P, Snesrud E, Clifford RJ, Yoon E-J, Onmus-Leone F, Ong AC, Kwak YI, Grillot-Courvalin C, Lesho E, Waterman PE. Amplification of aminoglycoside resistance gene aphA1 in Acinetobacter baumannii results in tobramycin therapy failure. MBio. 2014; 5(2):e00915. PMCID: PMC3994513.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00915-14"},{"key":"239_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shropshire WC, Aitken SL, Pifer R, Kim J, Bhatti MM, Li X, Kalia A, Galloway-Pe\u00f1a J, Sahasrabhojane P, Arias CA, Greenberg DE, Hanson BM, Shelburne SA. IS26-mediated amplification of blaOXA-1 and blaCTX-M-15 with concurrent outer membrane porin disruption associated with de novo carbapenem resistance in a recurrent bacteraemia cohort. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020;76(2):385\u201395.","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa447"},{"key":"239_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandler M, Silver L, Lane D, Caro L. Properties of an autonomous r-determinant from R100.1. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1979;43 Pt 2:1223\u20131231. PMID: 385225","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1979.043.01.139"},{"key":"239_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peterson BC, Rownd RH. Recombination sites in plasmid drug resistance gene amplification. J Bacteriol. 1985; 164(3):1359\u20131361. PMCID: PMC219339.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.164.3.1359-1361.1985"},{"key":"239_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peterson BC, Rownd RH. Homologous sequences other than insertion elements can serve as recombination sites in plasmid drug resistance gene amplification. J Bacteriol. 1983; 156(1):177\u2013185. PMCID: PMC215067.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.156.1.177-185.1983"},{"key":"239_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rownd R, Mickel S. Dissociation and reassociation of RTF and r-determinants of the R-factor NR1 in Proteus mirabilis. Nat New Biol 1971;234(45):40\u201343. PMID: 4942895","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio234040a0"},{"key":"239_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watanabe T, Ogata Y. Genetic stability of various resistance factors in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1970; 102(2):363\u2013368. PMCID: PMC247559.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.102.2.363-368.1970"},{"key":"239_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silver L, Chandler M, Lane HE, Caro L. Production of extrachromosomal r-determinant circles from integrated R100.1: involvement of the E. coli recombination system. Mol Gen Genet 1980;179(3):565\u2013571. PMID: 7003302","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00271746"},{"key":"239_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer J, Iida S. Amplification of chloramphenicol resistance transposons carried by phage P1Cm in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet 1979;176(2):209\u2013219. PMID: 231182","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00273215"},{"key":"239_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandler M, de la Tour EB, Willems D, Caro L. Some properties of the chloramphenicol resistance transposon Tn9. Mol Gen Genet 1979;176(2):221\u2013231. PMID: 393954","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00273216"},{"key":"239_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hubbard ATM, Mason J, Roberts P, Parry CM, Corless C, van Aartsen J, Howard A, Bulgasim I, Fraser AJ, Adams ER, Roberts AP, Edwards T. Piperacillin\/tazobactam resistance in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli due to IS26-mediated amplification of blaTEM-1B. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):4915. PMCID: PMC7530762.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18668-2"},{"key":"239_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garza-Ramos U, Davila G, Gonzalez V, Alpuche-Aranda C, L\u00f3pez-Collada VR, Alcantar-Curiel D, Newton O, Silva-Sanchez J. The blaSHV-5 gene is encoded in a compound transposon duplicated in tandem in Enterobacter cloacae. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009;15(9):878\u2013880. PMID: 19519856","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02790.x"},{"key":"239_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chavda KD, Chen L, Jacobs MR, Rojtman AD, Bonomo RA, Kreiswirth BN. Complete sequence of a bla (KPC)-harboring cointegrate plasmid isolated from Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015; 59(5):2956\u20132959. PMCID: PMC4394832.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00041-15"},{"key":"239_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen L, Chavda KD, Mediavilla JR, Jacobs MR, Levi MH, Bonomo RA, Kreiswirth BN. Partial excision of blaKPC from Tn4401 in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012; 56(3):1635\u20131638. PMCID: PMC3294926.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06182-11"},{"key":"239_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wasyl D, Kern-Zdanowicz I, Doma\u0144ska-Blicharz K, Zaj\u0105c M, Hoszowski A. High-level fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 epidemic clone with IncA\/C conjugative plasmid carrying Bla (CTX-M-25) gene. Vet Microbiol 2015;175(1):85\u201391. PMID: 25465657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.10.014"},{"key":"239_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He S, Chandler M, Varani AM, Hickman AB, Dekker JP, Dyda F. Mechanisms of Evolution in High-Consequence Drug Resistance Plasmids. MBio. 2016;7(6). PMCID: PMC5142620.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01987-16"},{"key":"239_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith B, Dyson P. Inducible transposition in Streptomyces lividans of insertion sequence IS6100 from Mycobacterium fortuitum. Mol Microbiol 1995;18(5):933\u2013941. PMID: 8825097","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.18050933.x"},{"key":"239_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagy Z, Chandler M. Regulation of transposition in bacteria. Res Microbiol 2004;155(5):387\u2013398. PMID: 15207871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2004.01.008"},{"key":"239_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polzin KM, Shimizu-Kadota M. Identification of a new insertion element, similar to gram-negative IS26, on the lactose plasmid of Streptococcus lactis ML3. J Bacteriol. 1987; 169(12):5481\u20135488. PMCID: PMC213975.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.169.12.5481-5488.1987"},{"key":"239_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turlan C, Chandler M. IS1-mediated intramolecular rearrangements: formation of excised transposon circles and replicative deletions. EMBO J. 1995; 14(21):5410\u20135421. PMCID: PMC394650.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00225.x"},{"key":"239_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weinert TA, Derbyshire KM, Hughson FM, Grindley ND. Replicative and conservative transpositional recombination of insertion sequences. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1984;49:251\u2013260. PMID: 6099240","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1984.049.01.029"},{"key":"239_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavakoli NP, Derbyshire KM. Tipping the balance between replicative and simple transposition. EMBO J. 2001; 20(11):2923\u20132930. PMCID: PMC125483.","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.11.2923"},{"key":"239_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harmer CJ, Hall RM. IS26-Mediated Formation of Transposons Carrying Antibiotic Resistance Genes. mSphere. 2016; 1(2). PMCID: PMC4894685.","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00038-16"},{"key":"239_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harmer CJ, Hall RM. IS26-Mediated Precise Excision of the IS26-aphA1a Translocatable Unit. MBio. 2015;6:e01866\u2013e01815. PMCID: PMC4676283.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01866-15"},{"key":"239_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harmer CJ, Moran RA, Hall RM. Movement of IS26-associated antibiotic resistance genes occurs via a translocatable unit that includes a single IS26 and preferentially inserts adjacent to another IS26. MBio. 2014;5:e01801\u2013e01814. PMCID: PMC4196232.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01801-14"},{"key":"239_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shapiro JA. Molecular model for the transposition and replication of bacteriophage Mu and other transposable elements. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1979;76(4):1933\u20131937. PMCID: PMC383507.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.4.1933"},{"key":"239_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.6.1.218","volume":"6","author":"D Liebermann","year":"1986","unstructured":"Liebermann D, Hoffman-Liebermann B, Troutt AB, Kedes L, Cohen SN. Sequences from sea urchin TU transposons are conserved among multiple Eucaryotic species, Including Humans. Mol Cell Biol. 1986;6:218\u201326.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"239_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandler M, Fayet O, Rousseau P, Ton Hoang B, Duval-Valentin G. Copy-out-Paste-in Transposition of IS911: A Major Transposition Pathway. Microbiol Spectr. 2015;3(4). PMID: 26350305","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555819217.ch27"},{"key":"239_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berger B, Haas D. Transposase and cointegrase: specialized transposition proteins of the bacterial insertion sequence IS21 and related elements. Cell Mol Life Sci 2001;58(3):403\u2013419. PMID: 11315188","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000866"},{"key":"239_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiss J, Olasz F. Formation and transposition of the covalently closed IS30 circle: the relation between tandem dimers and monomeric circles. Mol Microbiol 1999;34(1):37\u201352. PMID: 10540284","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01567.x"},{"key":"239_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loessner I, Dietrich K, Dittrich D, Hacker J, Ziebuhr W. Transposase-dependent formation of circular IS256 derivatives in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol. 2002; 184(17):4709\u20134714. PMCID: PMC135277.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.17.4709-4714.2002"},{"key":"239_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prudhomme M, Turlan C, Claverys JP, Chandler M. Diversity of Tn4001 transposition products: the flanking IS256 elements can form tandem dimers and IS circles. J Bacteriol. 2002; 184(2):433\u2013443. PMCID: PMC139565.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.2.433-443.2002"},{"key":"239_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kallastu A, H\u00f5rak R, Kivisaar M. Identification and characterization of IS1411, a new insertion sequence which causes transcriptional activation of the phenol degradation genes in Pseudomonas putida. J Bacteriol. 1998 ;180(20):5306\u20135312. PMCID: PMC107577.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.20.5306-5312.1998"},{"key":"239_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Partridge SR, Hall RM. In34, a complex In5 family class 1 integron containing orf513 and dfrA10. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003; 47(1):342\u2013349. PMCID: PMC149023.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.1.342-349.2003"},{"key":"239_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandler M, S\u00e9chaud J, Caro L. A mutant of the plasmid R100.1 capable of producing autonomous circular forms of its resistance determinant. Plasmid. 1982;7(3):251\u2013262. PMID: 6285398","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-619X(82)90006-3"},{"key":"239_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harmer CJ, Hall RM. IS26 Family Members IS257 and IS1216 Also Form Cointegrates by Copy-In and Targeted Conservative Routes. mSphere. 2020; 5(1). PMCID: PMC6952201.","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00811-19"},{"key":"239_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loot C, Turlan C, Chandler M. Host processing of branched DNA intermediates is involved in targeted transposition of IS911. Mol Microbiol 2004;51(2):385\u2013393. PMID: 14756780","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03850.x"},{"key":"239_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olasz F, Stalder R, Arber W. Formation of the tandem repeat (IS30)2 and its role in IS30-mediated transpositional DNA rearrangements. Mol Gen Genet 1993;239(1\u20132):177\u2013187. PMID: 8389976","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00281616"},{"key":"239_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turlan C, Loot C, Chandler M. IS911 partial transposition products and their processing by the Escherichia coli RecG helicase. Mol Microbiol 2004;53(4):1021\u20131033. PMID: 15306008","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04165.x"},{"key":"239_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harmer CJ, Hall RM. Targeted conservative cointegrate formation mediated by IS26 family members requires sequence identity at the reacting end. mSphere. 2021;6(1).","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.01321-20"},{"key":"239_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kholodii G, Mindlin S, Gorlenko Z, Petrova M, Hobman J, Nikiforov V. Translocation of transposition-deficient (TndPKLH2-like) transposons in the natural environment: mechanistic insights from the study of adjacent DNA sequences. Microbiology (Reading, Engl). 2004;150(Pt 4):979\u201392.","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26844-0"},{"key":"239_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loot C, Turlan C, Rousseau P, Ton-Hoang B, Chandler M. A target specificity switch in IS911 transposition: the role of the OrfA protein. EMBO J. 2002;21(15):4172\u201382.","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf403"},{"key":"239_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rousseau P, Loot C, Turlan C, Nolivos S, Chandler M. Bias between the left and right inverted repeats during IS911 targeted insertion. J Bacteriol. 2008;190(18):6111\u20138.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00452-08"},{"key":"239_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouvier M, Demarre G, Mazel D. Integron cassette insertion: a recombination process involving a folded single strand substrate. EMBO J. 2005; 24:4356\u20134367. PMCID: PMC1356339.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600898"},{"key":"239_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cambray G, Guerout A-M, Mazel D. Integrons. Annu Rev Genet 2010;44:141\u2013166. PMID: 20707672","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-102209-163504"},{"key":"239_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Escudero JA, Loot C, Nivina A, Mazel D. The integron: adaptation on demand. Microbiol Spectr. 2015;3(2):MDNA3\u2013M0019. PMID: 26104695","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MDNA3-0019-2014"},{"key":"239_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sievers F, Higgins DG. Clustal omega, accurate alignment of very large numbers of sequences. Methods Mol Biol 2014;1079:105\u2013116. PMID: 24170397","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-646-7_6"}],"container-title":["Mobile DNA"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13100-021-00239-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13100-021-00239-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13100-021-00239-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T06:22:39Z","timestamp":1671690159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mobilednajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13100-021-00239-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13100-021-00239-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-8753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-8753","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11"}}