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Their average age, height, weight, and body mass index were 21.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0\u00a0years, 167.2\u2009\u00b1\u20098.8\u00a0cm, 63.8\u2009\u00b1\u200912.8\u00a0kg, and 22.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.5\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, respectively. In acupuncture stimulations for protocols 1 and 2, an acupuncture needle was inserted into the lower leg and manual acupuncture stimulation was performed at 1\u00a0Hz.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In protocol 1 (resting condition), acupuncture stimulation induced a bradycardic response, which continued for 4\u00a0min after the cessation of acupuncture stimulation (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In protocol 2, the bradycardic response induced by pre-exercise acupuncture stimulation remained during low-intensity exercise and in the beginning of high-intensity exercise performed immediately after the cessation of acupuncture stimulation (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, the effects disappeared when post-acupuncture exercise was performed when the heart rate was approximately 140\u00a0beats\/min during high-intensity exercise. The rating of perceived exertion after exercise differed significantly between the acupuncture stimulation task (7.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6) and no-stimulation task (8.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0) (p\u2009=\u20090.03) only in the low intensity group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study may provide new insights into the effect of acupuncture stimulation on psycho-physiological conditions during exercise.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-021-00358-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T16:53:01Z","timestamp":1634403181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of pre-exercise acupuncture stimulation on heart rate response during short-duration exercise"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hidehiro","family":"Nakahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-ya","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Higashiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadayoshi","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"358_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-015-0330-x","volume":"26","author":"H Nakahara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nakahara H, Kawada T, Ueda SY, Kawai E, Yamamoto H, Sugimachi M, Miyamoto T. 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All protocols were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences (No. 2019\u2013135) and were conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"129"}}