{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T06:42:37Z","timestamp":1769928157985,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Bergen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Kiteboarding (kitesurfing on water and snowkiting) is a fairly new sport and is defined as a high-risk sport. The injury rate has been reported to be between 6 and 9 per 1000\u00a0h. The aim of the study was to identify and describe kiteboarding-related injuries in Norway over a five-year period.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We used \u201csnowball sampling\u201d to identify kiteboarding accidents in a retrospective study. In addition, we conducted structural searches in the National Air Ambulance Service and Search and Rescue Helicopter patient record databases. All included informants were interviewed. Descriptive methods were used to characterise the sample.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Twenty-nine kiteboarders were included, with a total of 33 injuries. One half of the injuries to head, face and neck were cerebral concussions (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912). The most common type of injury was bone fractures (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928), followed by soft tissue injuries (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924). Most injuries were of moderate severity (51%) and falling from less than 5\u00a0m was the most common mechanism of injury. Operator error and lack of experience were the most frequently reported causes of accidents (82%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Serious injuries occured during kiteboarding. The majority of kiteboarders reported operator error or lack of experience as the cause of their accident. Prior to kiteboarding, a course highlighting the importance in using helmet for snowkiting and both helmet and life vest in kitesurfing, should be mandatory.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-024-00812-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T14:02:36Z","timestamp":1705932156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Kitesurfing and snowkiting injuries in Norway: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Venke","family":"Torland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Thomassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"\u00d8ster\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"812_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503262162","volume":"32","author":"C Nickel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nickel C, Zernial O, Musahl V, Hansen U, Zantop T, Petersen W. A prospective study of kitesurfing injuries. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(4):921\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"812_CR2","unstructured":"Andreas Toverud sets record for the longest kite jump. http:\/\/www.surfertoday.com\/kiteboarding\/11799-andreas-toverud-sets-record-for-the-longest-kite-jump. Accessed June 28th 2023."},{"issue":"2","key":"812_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2010.540333","volume":"18","author":"TJ Pikora","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pikora TJ, Braham R, Hill C, Mills C. Wet and wild: results from a pilot study assessing injuries among recreational water users in Western Australia. Int J Injury Control Saf Promotion. 2011;18(2):119\u201326.","journal-title":"Int J Injury Control Saf Promotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"812_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0103-4","volume":"44","author":"JG Bourgois","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bourgois JG, Boone J, Callewaert M, Tipton MJ, Tallir IB. Biomechanical and physiological demands of kitesurfing and epidemiology of injury among kitesurfers. Sports Med (Auckland NZ). 2014;44(1):55\u201366.","journal-title":"Sports Med (Auckland NZ)"},{"issue":"7","key":"812_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511398214","volume":"39","author":"P Moroder","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moroder P, Runer A, Hoffelner T, Frick N, Resch H, Tauber M. A prospective study of snowkiting injuries. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(7):1534\u201340.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"812_CR6","unstructured":"Driessen A, Probst C, Sakka SG, Eikermann C, Mutschler M. [Bilateral carotid artery dissection in a kite surfer by strangulation with the kite lines]. Der Unfallchirurg 2014."},{"issue":"1","key":"812_CR7","first-page":"23","volume":"16","author":"AJ Durnford","year":"2014","unstructured":"Durnford AJ, Harrisson SE, Eynon CA. Kitesports: a new source of major trauma? Report of four cases and literature review. Trauma (United Kingdom). 2014;16(1):23\u20136.","journal-title":"Trauma (United Kingdom)"},{"issue":"5","key":"812_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.014795","volume":"39","author":"AK Exadaktylos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Exadaktylos AK, Sclabas GM, Blake I, Swemmer K, McCormick G, Erasmus P. The kick with the kite: an analysis of kite surfing related off shore rescue missions in Cape Town, South Africa. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(5):e26. discussion e26.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"812_CR9","first-page":"E76","volume":"63","author":"WR Spanjersberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Spanjersberg WR, Schipper IB. Kitesurfing: when fun turns to trauma-the dangers of a new extreme sport. J Trauma. 2007;63(3):E76\u201380.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"812_CR10","unstructured":"Snowball Sampling Method.: Definition, Techniques & Examples. https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org\/snowball-sampling.html. July 7th 2023."},{"key":"812_CR11","first-page":"725","volume":"6","author":"M Tryba","year":"1980","unstructured":"Tryba M, Br\u00fcggemann H, Echtermeyer V. [Klassifizierung Von Erkrankungen Und Verletzungen in Notartztrettungssystemen]. Notfallmedizin. 1980;6:725\u20137.","journal-title":"Notfallmedizin"},{"issue":"3","key":"812_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197403000-00001","volume":"14","author":"SP Baker","year":"1974","unstructured":"Baker SP, O\u2019Neill B, Haddon W Jr., Long WB. The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J Trauma. 1974;14(3):187\u201396.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"812_CR13","volume-title":"Abbreviated injury scale 2005: update 2008: Barrington","author":"TA Gennarelli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gennarelli TA, Wodzin E. Abbreviated injury scale 2005: update 2008: Barrington. Ill: Association for the Advancement of Automative Medicine; 2008."},{"issue":"4","key":"812_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v11.i4.243","volume":"11","author":"CJ van Bergen","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Bergen CJ, Weber RI, Kraal T, Kerkhoffs GM, Haverkamp D. Kitesurf injury trauma evaluation study: a prospective cohort study evaluating kitesurf injuries. World J Orthop. 2020;11(4):243\u201351.","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"812_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1159\/000338581","volume":"58","author":"T Rekand","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rekand T. The epidemiology of injury in hang-gliding and paragliding. Med Sport Sci. 2012;58:44\u201356.","journal-title":"Med Sport Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"812_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.25.2.98","volume":"25","author":"M Kruger-Franke","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kruger-Franke M, Siebert CH, Pforringer W. Paragliding injuries. Br J Sports Med. 1991;25(2):98\u2013101.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13102-024-00812-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13102-024-00812-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13102-024-00812-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T14:09:14Z","timestamp":1705932554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13102-024-00812-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-024-00812-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-1847"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-1847","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics committee West (REC West 2014\/2166). All included kiteboarders signed a declaration of informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants signed an informed consent declaration, including consent for publication of data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"26"}}