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The HIIT group performed running exercises (5 reps x 4\u00a0min per session) with active recovery between repetitions for 10 weeks with 5 weekly sessions. The HCRT group performed 10 weeks of HIIT and resistance training with 3 weekly HIIT sessions and 2 weekly HCRT sessions. Anthropometric measures (e.g., body mass), selected components of physical fitness (cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength), levels of miRNAs (miR-9, -15a, -34a, -145, and \u2212\u2009155), lipid profiles (total cholesterol; TC, Triglycerides; TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C), and insulin resistance; HOMA-IR index, were measured at baseline and week 10.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An ANOVA analysis indicated no significant group by time interactions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) for all anthropometric measures, and maximum oxygen consumption (VO<jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>). A significant group by time interaction, however, was found for the one-repetition maximum (IRM; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, ES=\u20090.751\u2009, moderate). A post-hoc test indicated an increase in the pre-to-post mean 1RM for HCRT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, ES\u2009=\u20091.83, large). There was a significant group by time interaction for miR-155 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05, ES\u2009=\u20090.014, trivial). Levels for miR-155 underwent pre-to-post HIIT increases (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045, ES\u2009=\u20091.232, large). Moreover, there were also significant group by time interactions for TC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035, ES\u2009=\u20090.187, trivial), TG (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, ES\u2009=\u20090.586, small), LDL-C (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.029, ES\u2009=\u20090.200, small) and HDL-C (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009, ES\u2009=\u20090.273, small). Post-hoc tests indicated pre-post HCRT decreases for TC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, ES\u2009=\u20091.44, large) and HDL-C (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, ES\u2009=\u20091.407, large). HIIT caused pre-to-post decreases in TG (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, ES\u2009=\u20090.599, small), and LDL-C (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, ES\u2009=\u20090.926, moderate).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Both training regimes did not improve cardiovascular fitness. But, HCRT improved lower\/upper limb muscle strength, and HIIT resulted in an increase in miR-155 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, HIIT and HCRT each improved selected metabolic risk factors including lipid profiles and glucose and insulin metabolism in overweight\/obese middle-aged women.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>OSF, October, 4th 2023. Registration DOI: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.17605\/OSF.IO\/UZ92E\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/UZ92E<\/jats:ext-link>. <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/tc5ky\">osf.io\/tc5ky<\/jats:ext-link>. \u201cRetrospectively registered\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-024-00904-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T14:03:04Z","timestamp":1716991384000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of HIIT training and HIIT combined with circuit resistance training on measures of physical fitness, miRNA expression, and metabolic risk factors in overweight\/obese middle-aged women"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhaleh","family":"Pashaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Malandish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahriar","family":"Alipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afshar","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Laher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony C.","family":"Hackney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7095-813X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urs","family":"Granacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayoub","family":"Saeidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6743-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassane","family":"Zouhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"904_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1097\/IJ9.0000000000000017","volume":"2","author":"M Agha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Agha M, Agha R. 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