{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:30:24Z","timestamp":1792729824231,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-025-01075-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T07:26:37Z","timestamp":1740468397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The influence of the lower limb components on genu varum in football players: a full leg length magnetic resonance imaging study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4666-2117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"I\u015f\u0131n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7679-9635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zkan","family":"K\u00f6se","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5553-9247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emre","family":"Ak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2847-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emel","family":"Emir Yetim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0333-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Can","family":"\u00c7evikol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9223-8849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuba","family":"Meleko\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1075_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2020.10.007","volume":"27","author":"A I\u015f\u0131n","year":"2020","unstructured":"I\u015f\u0131n A, Meleko\u011flu T. Genu varum and football participation: does football participation affect lower extremity alignment in adolescents? Knee. 2020;27(6):1801\u201310.","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"4","key":"1075_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198508000-00005","volume":"17","author":"A Chantraine","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chantraine A. Knee joint in soccer players: osteoarthritis and axis deviation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985;17(4):434\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"1075_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asadi K et al. Association of soccer and genu varum in adolescents. Trauma Monthly. 2015;20(2).","DOI":"10.5812\/traumamon.17184"},{"issue":"11","key":"1075_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4348-y","volume":"24","author":"W Colyn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Colyn W, et al. How does lower leg alignment differ between soccer players, other athletes, and non-athletic controls? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24(11):3619\u201326.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1075_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-023-00686-4","volume":"15","author":"K Karimi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karimi K, et al. Comparison of postural sway in individuals with and without dynamic knee valgus. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabilitation. 2023;15(1):75.","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"1075_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508326715","volume":"37","author":"G van de Jan","year":"2009","unstructured":"van de Jan G, et al. Varus alignment leads to increased forces in the anterior cruciate ligament. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(3):481\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1075_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2003.005488","volume":"38","author":"V Lun","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lun V, et al. Relation between running injury and static lower limb alignment in recreational runners. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(5):576\u201380.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1075_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199807000-00005","volume":"8","author":"DY Wen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wen DY, Puffer JC, Schmalzried TP. Injuries in runners: a prospective study of alignment. Clin J Sport Med. 1998;8(3):187\u201394.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1075_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182407ca0","volume":"44","author":"Y Thijs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thijs Y, et al. Is high-impact sports participation associated with bowlegs in adolescent boys? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(6):993\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1075_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22515","volume":"56","author":"G Brouwer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brouwer G, et al. Association between valgus and varus alignment and the development and progression of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthr Rhuem. 2007;56(4):1204\u201311.","journal-title":"Arthr Rhuem"},{"key":"1075_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I\u015f\u0131n A, Meleko\u011flu T. Profesyonel Futbolcularda Antropometrik De\u011fi\u015fkenler, Ya\u015f ve Futbola Kat\u0131l\u0131m Ile Genu Varum Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fki SPORMETRE Beden E\u011fitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;18(4):46\u201353.","DOI":"10.33689\/spormetre.667859"},{"issue":"5","key":"1075_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-86922011000500007","volume":"17","author":"LFMd Rezende","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rezende LFMd, et al. Does soccer practice stress the degrees of Genu Varo? Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2011;17(5):329\u201333.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Med Esporte"},{"issue":"4","key":"1075_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-008-0710-z","volume":"17","author":"E Witvrouw","year":"2009","unstructured":"Witvrouw E, et al. Does soccer participation lead to genu varum? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009;17(4):422\u20137.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"1075_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-019-03266-9","volume":"139","author":"Z Krajnc","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krajnc Z, Drobni\u010d M. Radiographic analysis of lower limb alignment in professional football players. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2019;139:1771\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1075_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200107000-00015","volume":"33","author":"TF Besier","year":"2001","unstructured":"Besier TF, et al. Anticipatory effects on knee joint loading during running and cutting maneuvers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(7):1176\u201381.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1075_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100140218","volume":"14","author":"M Andrews","year":"1996","unstructured":"Andrews M, et al. Lower limb alignment and foot angle are related to stance phase knee adduction in normal subjects: a critical analysis of the reliability of gait analysis data. J Orthop Res. 1996;14(2):289\u201395.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"1075_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2006.07.004","volume":"21","author":"E Coventry","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coventry E, et al. The effect of lower extremity fatigue on shock attenuation during single-leg landing. Clin Biomech Elsevier Ltd. 2006;21(10):1090\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Biomech Elsevier Ltd"},{"issue":"5","key":"1075_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.07.007","volume":"21","author":"RJ Savage","year":"2018","unstructured":"Savage RJ, et al. Prolonged running increases knee moments in sidestepping and cutting manoeuvres in sport. J Sci Med Sport. 2018;21(5):508\u201312.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"1075_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul F, et al. G* power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175\u201391.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"1075_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1963.tb17079.x","volume":"110","author":"J Brozek","year":"1963","unstructured":"Brozek J. Densitometric analysis of body composition: revision of some quantitative assumptions. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1963;110:113\u201340.","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"1075_CR21","unstructured":"Medicine ACoS. ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Lippincott williams & wilkins; 2013."},{"issue":"2","key":"1075_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200103000-00027","volume":"21","author":"M Arazi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arazi M, \u00d6g\u00fcn TC, Memik R. Normal development of the tibiofemoral angle in children: a clinical study of 590 normal subjects from 3 to 17 years of age. J Pediatr Orthop. 2001;21(2):264\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"1075_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.11114\/jets.v7i2.3955","volume":"7","author":"T Melekoglu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Melekoglu T, I\u015f\u0131n A. The relationship between football participation level and lower leg alignment in youth males: genu varum. J Educ Train Stud. 2019;7(2):137\u201341.","journal-title":"J Educ Train Stud"},{"key":"1075_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navali AM, Bahari LAS, Nazari B. A comparative assessment of alternatives to the full-leg radiograph for determining knee joint alignment. Volume 4. Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy & Technology; 2012. pp. 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2555-4-40"},{"key":"1075_CR25","unstructured":"Paley D. Principles of deformity correction. Springer; 2014."},{"issue":"1","key":"1075_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512464691","volume":"41","author":"G Diederichs","year":"2013","unstructured":"Diederichs G, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of rotational alignment in patients with patellar dislocations. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41(1):51\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1075_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-0896-y","volume":"18","author":"S Hinterwimmer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hinterwimmer S, et al. An MRI-based technique for assessment of lower extremity deformities\u2014reproducibility, accuracy, and clinical application. Eur Radiol. 2008;18(7):1497\u2013505.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1075_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-2012-0437","volume":"20","author":"J Dirnberger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dirnberger J, K\u00f6sters A, M\u00fcller E. Concentric and eccentric isokinetic knee extension: a reproducibility study using the IsoMed 2000-dynamometer. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2012;20(1):31\u20135.","journal-title":"Isokinet Exerc Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1075_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.21.1.26","volume":"21","author":"M de Baldon","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Baldon M. Relationships between eccentric hip isokinetic torque and functional performance. J Sport Rehabilitation. 2012;21(1):26\u201333.","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabilitation"},{"key":"1075_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge; 2013.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"issue":"2","key":"1075_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koo TK, Li MY. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15(2):155\u201363.","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1075_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221107388","volume":"50","author":"Y Nakahira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nakahira Y, et al. Kinematic differences between the dominant and nondominant legs during a single-leg drop vertical jump in female soccer players. Am J Sports Med. 2022;50(10):2817\u201323.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"1075_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barone R, et al. Soccer players have a better standing balance in nondominant one-legged stance. Open Access J Sports Med. 2010;2:1\u20136.","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJSM.S12593"},{"issue":"5","key":"1075_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168781401984979","DOI":"10.1177\/1687814019849794","volume":"11","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang J, Fu W. Asymmetry between the dominant and non-dominant legs in the lower limb biomechanics during single-leg landings in females. Adv Mech Eng. 2019;11(5):1687814019849794.","journal-title":"Adv Mech Eng"},{"key":"1075_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krajnc Z, Rupreht M, Drobni\u010d M. Quantitative evaluation of growth plates around the knees of adolescent soccer players by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. BioMed research international. 2015;2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/482017"},{"key":"1075_CR36","unstructured":"Isokowa M, Lees E. A biomechanical analysis of the instep kick motion in soccer. In: Reilly T, et al., editors. Science and football. London: Routledge; 1988. pp. 449\u201355."},{"issue":"12","key":"1075_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200212000-00025","volume":"34","author":"H Nunome","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nunome H, et al. Three-dimensional kinetic analysis of side-foot and instep soccer kicks. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(12):2028\u201336.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"5","key":"1075_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsm.0000244602.74460.e4","volume":"16","author":"M Yaniv","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yaniv M, et al. Prevalence of bowlegs among child and adolescent soccer players. Clin J Sport Med. 2006;16(5):392\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"1075_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021104","volume":"15","author":"P Kannus","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kannus P. Isokinetic evaluation of muscular performance. Int J Sports Med. 1994;15:1.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"1075_CR40","unstructured":"Tanner R, Gore C. Physiological tests for elite athletes. Human kinetics; 2012."}],"container-title":["BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13102-025-01075-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13102-025-01075-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13102-025-01075-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T07:26:42Z","timestamp":1740468402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13102-025-01075-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-025-01075-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-1847"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-1847","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the Akdeniz University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (KAEK-917 \/ 09.12.2020) The study adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Volunteers who agreed to participate in the study were provided verbal and written information about the research protocol. Informed consent was obtained from the volunteers and their families.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"25"}}