{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:48Z","timestamp":1780272048804,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-026-01698-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T01:46:11Z","timestamp":1776649571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pain neuroscience education for the management of chronic pain in elite volleyball players with chronic shoulder pain: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0821-8237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harun","family":"Ko\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3492-7448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aziz","family":"Dengiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1698_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2017.05.009","volume":"21","author":"A Malfliet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malfliet A, Leysen L, Pas R, Kuppens K, Nijs J, Van Wilgen P, et al. Modern pain neuroscience in clinical practice: applied to post-cancer, paediatric and sports-related pain. Braz J Phys Ther. 2017;21(4):225\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjpt.2017.05.009.","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"issue":"10289","key":"1698_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00392-5","volume":"397","author":"MA Fitzcharles","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fitzcharles MA, Cohen SP, Clauw DJ, Littlejohn G, Usui C, H\u00e4user W. Nociplastic pain: toward an understanding of prevalent pain conditions. Lancet. 2021;397(10289):2098\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00392-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1698_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.37675","volume":"17","author":"RK Alaiti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alaiti RK, Reis FJ. Pain in athletes: current knowledge and challenges. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022;17(6):981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26603\/001c.37675.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"1698_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032492","volume":"20","author":"R Gajardo-Burgos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gajardo-Burgos R, Valdebenito-Tejos C, G\u00e1lvez-Garc\u00eda G, Bascour-Sandoval C. Pain and psychological readiness to return to sport in elite volleyball players. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3):2492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20032492.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1698_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272068","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1272068","volume":"17","author":"F Cuenca-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cuenca-Mart\u00ednez F, Suso-Mart\u00ed L, Calatayud J, Ferrer-Sargues FJ, Mu\u00f1oz-Alarcos V, Alba-Quesada P, et al. Pain neuroscience education in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: an umbrella review. Front Neurosci. 2023;17:1272068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1272068.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1698_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15060658","volume":"15","author":"A S\u00e1nchez-Robalino","year":"2025","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Robalino A, Sinchi-Sinchi H, Ram\u00edrez A. Effectiveness of pain neuroscience education in physical therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Sci. 2025;15(6):658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci15060658.","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1698_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12020215","volume":"12","author":"A Sastre-Munar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sastre-Munar A, Romero-Franco N. Pain education in youth athletes. Healthcare. 2024;12(2):215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare12020215.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"17","key":"1698_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9701","DOI":"10.3390\/app15179701","volume":"15","author":"A Sastre-Munar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sastre-Munar A, Pades-Jim\u00e9nez A, Romero-Franco N. Pain neuroscience education to reduce catastrophizing. Appl Sci. 2025;15(17):9701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app15179701.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.34045\/SEMS\/2024\/53","volume":"73","author":"B Antonio","year":"2025","unstructured":"Antonio B, Benedetta P, Simone T, Francesca DM. Shoulder pain among volleyball players: a systematic review. SEMS J. 2025;73(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34045\/SEMS\/2024\/53.","journal-title":"SEMS J"},{"issue":"7","key":"1698_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.02.010","volume":"34","author":"Y Mizoguchi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mizoguchi Y, Suzuki K, Hasegawa S, Nakagawa H, Kimura F, Hall T, Akasaka K. Prevalence and associated factors of nontraumatic shoulder pain during spike and serve movements in male high school volleyball players: a cross-sectional study. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2025;34(7):e513\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2025.02.010.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1698_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232596711771223","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117712236","volume":"5","author":"KE Frisch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frisch KE, Clark J, Hanson C, Fagerness C, Conway A, Hoogendoorn L. High prevalence of nontraumatic shoulder pain in a regional sample of female high school volleyball athletes. Orthop J Sports Med. 2017;5(6):2325967117712236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2325967117712236.","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1698_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","volume":"17","author":"AKA McKay","year":"2022","unstructured":"McKay AKA, Stellingwerff T, Smith ES, Martin DT, Mujika I, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Sheppard J, Burke LM. Defining training and performance caliber: a participant classification framework. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022;17(2):317\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"1698_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2014.07.004","volume":"16","author":"C Swann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Swann C, Moran A, Piggott D. Defining elite athletes: issues in the study of expert performance in sport psychology. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2015;16:3\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychsport.2014.07.004.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001384","volume":"160","author":"RD Treede","year":"2019","unstructured":"Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A, Aziz Q, Bennett MI, Benoliel R, et al. Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP classification of chronic pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Pain. 2019;160(1):19\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001384.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"1698_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.02.008","volume":"14","author":"MJ Catley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Catley MJ, O\u2019Connell NE, Moseley GL. Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire Rasch analysis. J Pain. 2013;14(8):818\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.02.008.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"1698_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2022.2048425","volume":"39","author":"H G\u00fcl","year":"2023","unstructured":"G\u00fcl H, Erel S, Demir P, \u00c7ubuk\u00e7u F\u0131rat S. Turkish adaptation of Revised NPQ. Physiother Theory Pract. 2023;39(8):1753\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09593985.2022.2048425.","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"issue":"S11","key":"1698_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S240","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20543","volume":"63","author":"GA Hawker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M. Measures of adult pain. Arthritis Care Res. 2011;63(S11):S240\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.20543.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1698_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.09.005","volume":"9","author":"RH Dworkin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dworkin RH, Turk DC, Wyrwich KW, Beaton D, Cleeland CS, Farrar JT, et al. Interpreting the clinical importance of treatment outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. J Pain. 2008;9(2):105\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.09.005.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"1698_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00176-3","volume":"105","author":"MS Cepeda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cepeda MS, Africano JM, Polo R, Alcala R, Carr DB. What decline in pain intensity is meaningful to patients with acute pain? Pain. 2003;105:151\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00176-3.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"1698_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524","volume":"7","author":"MJ Sullivan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sullivan MJ, Bishop SR, Pivik J. Pain catastrophizing scale. Psychol Assess. 1995;7(4):524\u201332.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"1698_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.88.3.282","volume":"88","author":"NP Spanos","year":"1979","unstructured":"Spanos NP, Radtke-Bodorik HL, Ferguson JD, Jones B. Cognitive strategies on pain. J Abnorm Psychol. 1979;88(3):282\u201392.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90125-2","volume":"17","author":"AK Rosenstiel","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rosenstiel AK, Keefe FJ. Coping strategies in chronic low back pain. Pain. 1983;17(1):33\u201344.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"1698_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00846540","volume":"10","author":"JF Chaves","year":"1987","unstructured":"Chaves JF, Brown JM. Cognitive strategies for pain control. J Behav Med. 1987;10(3):263\u201376.","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"1698_CR24","volume-title":"Explain pain","author":"DS Butler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Butler DS, Moseley GL. Explain pain. 2nd ed. Adelaide: Noigroup; 2013.","edition":"2"},{"key":"1698_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003056898","volume-title":"Sports injuries: prevention, treatment and rehabilitation","author":"L Peterson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peterson L, Renstr\u00f6m PAFH, Lynch S. Sports injuries: prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. 5th ed. London: Routledge; 2023.","edition":"5"},{"issue":"4","key":"1698_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","volume":"41","author":"F Faul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"1698_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afzal Z, Mansfield CJ, Bleacher J, Briggs M. Return to advanced strength training and weightlifting in an athlete post-lumbar discectomy utilizing pain neuroscience education and proper progression: resident's case report. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2019;14(5):804\u201317.","DOI":"10.26603\/ijspt20190804"},{"issue":"5","key":"1698_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4098","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054098","volume":"20","author":"B Lepri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lepri B, Romani D, Storari L, Barbari V. Effectiveness of pain neuroscience education in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and central sensitization: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(5):4098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20054098.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1698_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.2182","volume":"28","author":"LH Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin LH, Lin TY, Chang KV, Wu WT, \u00d6z\u00e7akar L. Pain neuroscience education for reducing pain and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pain. 2024;28(2):231\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.2182.","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"1698_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333102422114478","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024221144781","volume":"43","author":"R Meise","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meise R, Carvalho GF, Thiel C, Luedtke K. Additional effects of pain neuroscience education combined with physiotherapy on the headache frequency of adult patients with migraine: a randomized controlled trial. Cephalalgia. 2023;43(2):3331024221144781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03331024221144781.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"1698_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2025.10041","volume":"38","author":"C Fern\u00e1ndez-Morales","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Morales C, Cardero-Dur\u00e1n MA, Espejo-Ant\u00fanez L. Pain neuroscience education improves knowledge and satisfaction in adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities: a cross-sectional study. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2025;38:e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/neu.2025.10041.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr"},{"key":"1698_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Se\u00e7er E, Ba\u015fer Se\u00e7er M. From biomedical to biopsychosocial perspective: a randomised controlled trial on the effects of pain neuroscience education on Turkish physiotherapy students\u2019 pain-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Eur J Physiother. 2025 Dec;26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21679169.2025.2609085.","DOI":"10.1080\/21679169.2025.2609085"},{"issue":"10","key":"1698_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.62464\/ijoprp.v3i10.57","volume":"3","author":"M Aldera","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aldera M. Pain neuroscience education training enhances pain knowledge among a sample of Saudi physiotherapists but does not alter attitudes or beliefs. Int J Phys Ther Res Pract. 2024;3(10):396\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62464\/ijoprp.v3i10.57.","journal-title":"Int J Phys Ther Res Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"1698_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13030269","volume":"13","author":"S Di-Bonaventura","year":"2025","unstructured":"Di-Bonaventura S, Donado-Bermejo A, Montero-Cuadrado F, Barrero-Santiago L, P\u00e9rez-P\u00e9rez L, Le\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez JV, et al. Pain Neuroscience Education Reduces Pain and Improves Psychological Variables but Does Not Induce Plastic Changes Measured by Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF): A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Healthc (Basel). 2025;13(3):269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare13030269.","journal-title":"Healthc (Basel)"},{"key":"1698_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0290","DOI":"10.5152\/ArcHealthSciRes.2026.25290","volume":"13","author":"A Dengiz","year":"2026","unstructured":"Dengiz A, S\u0131rr\u0131 B. Teaching the brain to ease the pain: a neuroscience-based pain education for amateur athletes. Arch Health Sci Res. 2026;13:0290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/ArcHealthSciRes.2026.25290.","journal-title":"Arch Health Sci Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1698_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2017-0212","volume":"28","author":"N Maguire","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maguire N, Chesterton P, Ryan C. The effect of pain neuroscience education on sports therapy and rehabilitation students\u2019 knowledge, attitudes, and clinical recommendations toward athletes with chronic pain. J Sport Rehabil. 2019;28(5):438\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2017-0212.","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"issue":"44","key":"1698_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34455","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-024-06349-0","volume":"43","author":"F Molaei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Molaei F, ShahAli S, Shanbehzadeh S, Yassin M. Association between joint position sense, range of motion, pain-related anxiety, disability and deep neck muscles thickness in non-specific chronic neck pain patients with high and low levels of fear of pain: a cross-sectional study. Curr Psychol. 2024;43(44):34455\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-024-06349-0.","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"}],"container-title":["BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13102-026-01698-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13102-026-01698-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13102-026-01698-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T23:28:34Z","timestamp":1780270114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13102-026-01698-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-026-01698-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-1847"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-1847","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Mu\u015f Alparslan University Scientific Research Ethics Committee (Ethical Approval Number: 222308). All participants were informed about the study procedures and provided written informed consent prior to participation. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable, as the manuscript does not contain any identifiable personal data or images of individual participants. All participants were informed that anonymized data would be used for scientific publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"257"}}