{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:49:38Z","timestamp":1792144178080,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":76,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hangzhou Medical and Health Science and Technology Project","award":["A20251077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A20251077"]}]},{"name":"Hangzhou Biomedicine and Health Industry Development Supporting Science and Technology Special Project","award":["2024WJC012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024WJC012"]}]},{"name":"Medical and Health Science Program of Zhejiang Province","award":["2026HY0690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026HY0690"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-026-01945-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T08:04:09Z","timestamp":1785571449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subclinical Achilles tendon structural and pathology changes in asymptomatic amateur marathon runners: a correlational and multivariate MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Wanzhen","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxiong","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyun","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhouhao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1945_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003144","volume":"55","author":"Y-W Ao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ao Y-W, Li Y-S, Zhao Y-L, Zhang L, Yang R-J, Zha Y-F. Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Amateur Marathon Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2023;55:1208\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003144.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"1945_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-019-0200-5","volume":"5","author":"P Costa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Costa P, Sim\u00e3o R, Perez A, Gama M, Lanchtermacher R, Musialowski R, et al. A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of Undulatory, Staggered, and Linear Load Manipulations in Aerobic Training on Oxygen Supply, Muscle Injury, and Metabolism in Male Recreational Runners. Sports Med Open. 2019;5:32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-019-0200-5.","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"key":"1945_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2898-0","volume":"20","author":"KKW Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee KKW, Ling SKK, Yung PSH. Controlled trial to compare the Achilles tendon load during running in flatfeet participants using a customized arch support orthoses vs an orthotic heel lift. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20:535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-019-2898-0.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"1945_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5389","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11185389","volume":"11","author":"C-Y Hung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hung C-Y, Lin S-J, Yeh C-Y, Yeh W-L. Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Augmentation on Endoscopy-Assisted Percutaneous Achilles Tendon Repair. J Clin Med. 2022;11:5389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11185389.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1945_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"As Q, B S, D-G D, L F, K L, V S. In tendons, differing physiological requirements lead to functionally distinct nanostructures. Sci Rep. 2018;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-22741-8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22741-8"},{"key":"1945_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262301","volume":"42","author":"AD Lopes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lopes AD, Hespanhol J\u00fanior LC, Yeung SS, Costa LOP. What are the main running-related musculoskeletal injuries? A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2012;42:891\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03262301.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"1945_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k5120","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k5120","volume":"364","author":"Y Ochen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ochen Y, Beks RB, van Heijl M, Hietbrink F, Leenen LPH, van der Velde D, et al. Operative treatment versus nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2019;364:k5120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k5120.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1945_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1271074","volume":"149","author":"W Freund","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freund W, Billich C, Brambs H-J, Weber F, Sch\u00fctz UH. [MRI changes of Achilles tendon and hindfoot in experienced runners and beginners during training and after a (half)-marathon competition]. Z Orthop Unfall. 2011;149:407\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0030-1271074.","journal-title":"Z Orthop Unfall"},{"key":"1945_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560000316","volume":"30","author":"M Lohman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lohman M, Kivisaari A, Vehmas T, Kallio P, Malmivaara A, Kivisaari L. MRI abnormalities of foot and ankle in asymptomatic, physically active individuals. Skeletal Radiol. 2001;30:61\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002560000316.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"1945_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28072","volume":"56","author":"Y Fang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fang Y, Zhu D, Wu W, Yu W, Li S, Ma Y-J. Assessment of Achilles Tendon Changes After Long-Distance Running Using Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer MR Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2022;56:814\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.28072.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"1945_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2025.112279","volume":"191","author":"L Hou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hou L, Li J, Zhang X, Chen J, Bao H, Yang F, et al. Preliminary synthetic MRI study on Achilles tendon dynamics in amateur marathoners. Eur J Radiol. 2025;191:112279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2025.112279.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"1945_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5188","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5188","volume":"6","author":"J Mizushima","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mizushima J, Seki K, Keogh JWL, Maeda K, Shibata A, Koyama H, et al. Kinematic characteristics of barefoot sprinting in habitually shod children. PeerJ. 2018;6:e5188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.5188.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"1945_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738120934715","volume":"13","author":"Y Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu Y, Yuan P, Wang R, Wang D, Liu J, Zhou H. Effects of Foot Strike Techniques on Running Biomechanics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Health. 2020;13:71\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941738120934715.","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"1945_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8101","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218101","volume":"17","author":"C-L Hsu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hsu C-L, Yang C-H, Wang J-H, Liang C-C. Common Running Musculoskeletal Injuries and Associated Factors among Recreational Gorge Marathon Runners: An Investigation from 2013 to 2018 Taroko Gorge Marathons. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:8101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17218101.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1945_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6764","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6764","volume":"7","author":"A Werkhausen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Werkhausen A, Cronin NJ, Albracht K, Paulsen G, Larsen AV, Bojsen-M\u00f8ller J, et al. Training-induced increase in Achilles tendon stiffness affects tendon strain pattern during running. PeerJ. 2019;7:e6764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.6764.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"1945_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01461.x","volume":"220","author":"CM Waugh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Waugh CM, Blazevich AJ, Fath F, Korff T. Age-related changes in mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon. J Anat. 2012;220:144\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01461.x.","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"1945_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"da Mondini C, Salerno M, Merli G, Brama P, Jenner F, Filardo G. Tendinopathy: sex bias starts from the preclinical development of tendon treatments. A systematic review. Biol Sex Differ. 2022;13:44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13293-022-00453-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-022-00453-z"},{"key":"1945_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barber SD, Noyes FR, Mangine RE, McCloskey JW, Hartman W. Quantitative assessment of functional limitations in normal and anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees. Clin Orthop 1990;255:204\u201314.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199006000-00028"},{"key":"1945_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-021-06566-z","volume":"29","author":"KTM Opdam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Opdam KTM, Zwiers R, Wiegerinck JI, van Dijk CN, Ankleplatform Study Collaborative \u2013Science of Variation Group. Increasing consensus on terminology of Achilles tendon-related disorders. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2021;29:2528\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-021-06566-z.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"1945_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70125","DOI":"10.1002\/jfa2.70125","volume":"19","author":"W Yao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yao W, Chen Y, Dai S, Zhou J, Mao X, Zhang Y, et al. Morphological changes and MRI characteristics of the achilles tendon in amateur marathon runners with different running experience. J Foot Ankle Res. 2026;19:e70125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jfa2.70125.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"1945_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2015.11.003","volume":"6","author":"AD Nordin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nordin AD, Dufek JS, Mercer JA. Three-dimensional impact kinetics with foot-strike manipulations during running. J Sport Health Sci. 2017;6:489\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2015.11.003.","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"1945_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.09.016","volume":"66","author":"TW Kernozek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kernozek TW, Knaus A, Rademaker T, Almonroeder TG. The effects of habitual foot strike patterns on achilles tendon loading in female runners. Gait Posture. 2018;66:283\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.09.016.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"1945_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232596712110202","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211020283","volume":"9","author":"A Burke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burke A, Dillon S, O\u2019Connor S, Whyte EF, Gore S, Moran KA. Risk factors for injuries in runners: a systematic review of foot strike technique and its classification at impact. Orthop J Sports Med. 2021;9:23259671211020283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671211020283.","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"1945_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2025.747","volume":"24","author":"H Nishiguchi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nishiguchi H, Takabayashi T, Kikumoto T, Kubo M. Effects of foot-strike patterns during running on cumulative load of achilles tendon force, plantar fascia force, and patellofemoral joint stress. J Sports Sci Med. 2025;24:747\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52082\/jssm.2025.747.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"1945_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.06.006","volume":"39","author":"K Lieberthal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lieberthal K, Paterson KL, Cook J, Kiss Z, Girdwood M, Bradshaw EJ. Prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic Achilles tendon pathology in male distance runners. Phys Ther Sport. 2019;39:64\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.06.006.","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"1945_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00012.2018","volume":"125","author":"TJ Hullfish","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hullfish TJ, Hagan KL, Casey E, Baxter JR. Achilles tendon structure differs between competitive distance runners and nonrunners despite no clinical signs or symptoms of midsubstance tendinopathy. J Appl Physiol. 2018;125:453\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00012.2018.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1945_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-015-2132-6","volume":"44","author":"CC Ooi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ooi CC, Schneider ME, Malliaras P, Counsel P, Connell DA. Prevalence of morphological and mechanical stiffness alterations of mid achilles tendons in asymptomatic marathon runners before and after a competition. Skeletal Radiol. 2015;44:1119\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-015-2132-6.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"1945_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17870","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73742-5","volume":"10","author":"B Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kov\u00e1cs B, K\u00f3bor I, Gyimes Z, Sebesty\u00e9n \u00d6, Tihanyi J. Lower leg muscle-tendon unit characteristics are related to marathon running performance. Sci Rep. 2020;10:17870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-73742-5.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1945_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2023.11.001","volume":"9","author":"AL Gianakos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gianakos AL, Hartman H, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Calder J, Kennedy JG. Sex differences in biomechanical properties of the achilles tendon may predispose men to higher risk of injury: a systematic review. J ISAKOS: Jt Disord Orthop Sports Med. 2024;9:184\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisako.2023.11.001.","journal-title":"J ISAKOS: Jt Disord Orthop Sports Med"},{"key":"1945_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.01.234","volume":"20","author":"J Tsehaie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsehaie J, Poot DHJ, Oei EHG, Verhaar Ja, de Vos N. Value of quantitative MRI parameters in predicting and evaluating clinical outcome in conservatively treated patients with chronic midportion achilles tendinopathy: a prospective study. J Sci Med Sport. 2017;20:633\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.01.234.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"1945_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8163","DOI":"10.3390\/s24248163","volume":"24","author":"M Chabot","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chabot M, Thibault-Piedboeuf A, Nault M-L, Roy J-S, Dixon PC, Simoneau M. Influence of sudden changes in foot strikes on loading rate variability in runners. Sens (Basel Switz). 2024;24:8163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24248163.","journal-title":"Sens (Basel Switz)"},{"key":"1945_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2017.03.013","volume":"6","author":"IS Davis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davis IS, Rice HM, Wearing SC. Why forefoot striking in minimal shoes might positively change the course of running injuries. J Sport Health Sci. 2017;6:154\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2017.03.013.","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"1945_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182465115","volume":"44","author":"AI Daoud","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daoud AI, Geissler GJ, Wang F, Saretsky J, Daoud YA, Lieberman DE. Foot strike and injury rates in endurance runners: a retrospective study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44:1325\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182465115.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"1945_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2014.02.005","volume":"16","author":"MO de Almeida","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Almeida MO, Saragiotto BT, Yamato TP, Lopes AD. Is the rearfoot pattern the most frequently foot strike pattern among recreational shod distance runners? Phys Ther Sport. Off J Assoc Chart Physiother Sports Med. 2015;16:29\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2014.02.005.","journal-title":"Off J Assoc Chart Physiother Sports Med"},{"key":"1945_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670262","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/670262","volume":"2014","author":"F Franceschi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Franceschi F, Papalia R, Paciotti M, Franceschetti E, Di Martino A, Maffulli N, et al. Obesity as a risk factor for tendinopathy: a systematic review. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:670262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/670262.","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13102-026-01945-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13102-026-01945-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13102-026-01945-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:32:48Z","timestamp":1792143168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13102-026-01945-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-026-01945-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-1847"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-1847","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University (No.: 2021-(E2)-HS-077) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication of personal details, clinical data, and any identifying images was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"504"}}