{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:06:56Z","timestamp":1790633216978,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Res Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3707-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T10:06:16Z","timestamp":1534759576000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Spectrum of opportunistic infections and associated factors among people living with HIV\/AIDS in the era of highly active anti-retroviral treatment in Dawro Zone hospital: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fithamlak Bistegen","family":"Solomon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banchalem Nega","family":"Angore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailu Chare","family":"Koyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efrata Girma","family":"Tufa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tezera Moshago","family":"Berheto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahlet","family":"Admasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"3707_CR1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. How AIDS changed everything; report 2015."},{"key":"3707_CR2","unstructured":"Ethiopia Country\/Regional Operational Plan (COP\/ROP). 2017 strategic direction summary April 21, 2017."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"3707_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2003.187","volume":"56","author":"V Nissapatorn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nissapatorn V, Lee C, Fatt QK, Abdullah KA. AIDS-related opportunistic infections in Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2003;56(5\u20136):187\u201392.","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3707_CR4","volume-title":"AIDS update 2007: an overview of acquired immune deficiency syndrome","author":"JG Staine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Staine JG. AIDS update 2007: an overview of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008."},{"key":"3707_CR5","unstructured":"Yared M, Tibebu S, Emmart P. Equity and access to ART in Ethiopia Washington: initiative HP. 2010 Futures Group, Task Order 1."},{"key":"3707_CR6","unstructured":"Federal HIV\/AIDS prevention and control office federal ministry of health. Guidelines for management of opportunistic infections and antiretroviral treatment in adolescents and adults in Ethiopia. 2007. http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/\u2014ed_protect\/\u2014protrav\/\u2014ilo_aids\/documents\/legaldocument\/wcms_125386.pdf . Accessed 15 Dec 2017"},{"key":"3707_CR7","unstructured":"Panel on Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America."},{"key":"3707_CR8","unstructured":"Federal HIV\/AIDS Prevention and Control Office, Federal Ministry of Health. Guidelines for management of opportunistic infections and anti-retroviral treatment in adolescents and adults in Ethiopia. 2008. http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/guidelines\/ethiopia_art.pdf . Accessed 8 Nov 2016."},{"issue":"RR-17","key":"3707_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"41","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1993","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rec. 1993;41(RR-17):1\u201319.","journal-title":"Morbid Mortal Wkly Rec."},{"key":"3707_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-116","volume":"8","author":"K Saha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saha K, Firdaus R, Santra P, Pal J, Roy A, Bhattacharya MK, Chakrabarti S, Sadhukhan CP. Recent pattern of co-infection amongst HIV seropositive individuals in tertiary care hospital, Kolkata. Virol J. 2011;8:116.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"3707_CR11","volume-title":"National guidelines for comprehensive HIV prevention, care and treatment","author":"Federal ministry of health","year":"2017","unstructured":"Federal ministry of health. National guidelines for comprehensive HIV prevention, care and treatment. Addis Ababa: Federal ministry of health; 2017."},{"key":"3707_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6113.1000301","volume":"5","author":"NA Moges","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moges NA, Kassa GM. Prevalence of opportunistic infections and associated factors among HIV positive patients taking anti-retroviral therapy in DebreMarkos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. J AIDS Clin Res. 2014;5:301.","journal-title":"J AIDS Clin Res"},{"key":"3707_CR13","first-page":"137","volume":"7","author":"H Mitiku","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mitiku H, Weldegebreal F, Teklemariam Z. Magnitude of opportunistic infections and associated factors in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in eastern Ethiopia. HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2015;7:137\u201344.","journal-title":"HIV AIDS (Auckl)"},{"key":"3707_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2006.311","volume":"59","author":"HY Sun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sun HY, Chen MY, Hsieh SM, et al. Changes in the clinical spectrum of opportunistic illnesses in persons with HIV infection in Taiwan in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2006;59:311\u20136.","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3707_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-534","volume":"6","author":"D Damtie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Damtie D, Yismaw G, Woldeyohannes D, Anagaw B. Common opportunistic infections and their CD4 cell correlates among HIV-infected patients attending at antiretroviral therapy clinic of Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2013;6:534.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"3707_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2007.07.002","volume":"55","author":"W Manosuthi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Manosuthi W, Chaovavanich A, Tansuphaswadikul S, Prasithsirikul W, Inthong Y, et al. Incidence and risk factors of major opportunistic infections after initiation of antiretroviral therapy among advanced HIV-infected patients in a resource-limited setting. J Infect. 2007;55:464\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"3707_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6113","author":"MO Iroezindu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iroezindu MO, Ofondu EO, Hausler H, Van Wyk B. Prevalence and Risk factors for opportunistic infections in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting in Nigeria. J AIDS Clin Res. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2155-6113 .","journal-title":"J AIDS Clin Res"},{"key":"3707_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(08)01705-0","volume":"13","author":"G Manisha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manisha G, Swapna D, Srikanth T, Madhura N, Preeti G. Incidence of common opportunistic infections in HIV-infected individuals in Pune, India: analysis by stages of immunosuppression represented by CD4 counts. Int J Infect Dis. 2009;13:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3707_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2007.070171","volume":"38","author":"S Dominic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dominic S, Nitika G, Shalini S, Vishwas S. Prevalence of opportunistic infections in AIDS patients in Mangalore, Karnataka. J Trop Doct. 2008;38(3):172\u20133.","journal-title":"J Trop Doct"},{"key":"3707_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8479(96)90075-1","volume":"77","author":"S Koulla-Shiro","year":"1996","unstructured":"Koulla-Shiro S, Kuaban C, Belec L. Acute community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected and non-HIV-infected adult patients in Cameroon: aetiology and outcome. Tuberc Lung Dis. 1996;77:47\u201351.","journal-title":"Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"3707_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.64.172","volume":"64","author":"H Yoshimine","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yoshimine H, Oishi K, Mubiru F, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in Ugandan adults: short-term parenteral ampicillin therapy for bacterial pneumonia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001;64:172\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3707_CR22","unstructured":"Global HIV\/AIDS. Response\u2014epidemic update and health sector progress towards universal access\u2014progress report; 2011."},{"key":"3707_CR23","unstructured":"Beshah G. Study of prevalence of opportunistic infections among HIV\/AIDS patients in Addis Ababa public hospitals.aau.etd. Institutional repository. Masters full thesis. p. 1\u201343."},{"issue":"1","key":"3707_CR24","first-page":"62","volume":"38","author":"BN Kong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kong BN, Harwell JI, Suos P, Lynen L, Mohiuddin S, Reinert S, Pugatch D. Opportunistic infections and HIV clinical diseases among patients in Phonom Penh, Cambodia. South West Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2007;38(1):62\u20138.","journal-title":"South West Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"3707_CR25","unstructured":"Agarwal SK, Makhij A. International conference on AIDS. 2002 Jul 7\u201312; 14 Abstract no Thpe B7220; Department of medicine, New Delhi, India."},{"issue":"2","key":"3707_CR26","first-page":"148","volume":"22","author":"Ermies Diro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Diro Ermies, Fekede Danial, et al. Assessment of risk behavior with oral and per oral lesions in adult HIV patients at Tikur Anbesa hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EPHA. 2008;22(2):148\u2013215.","journal-title":"EPHA"},{"issue":"3","key":"3707_CR27","first-page":"131","volume":"18","author":"L Seifu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Seifu L. Socio-demographic and clinical profiles of AIDS patients in Jimma referral hospital, South West Ethiopia. EPHA. 2004;18(3):131\u2013212.","journal-title":"EPHA"},{"key":"3707_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2008.205","volume":"61","author":"K Hurry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hurry K, Shewa A, et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during highly active ARV therapy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2008;61:205\u20139.","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3707_CR29","first-page":"213","volume":"4","author":"H Negass","year":"2009","unstructured":"Negass H, Kefene H. Profile of AIDS case in Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2009;4(2):213\u20137.","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"3707_CR30","first-page":"69","volume":"45","author":"A Nobre","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nobre A, Braga E. Opportunistic infections at university hospital of Brazil. J Trop Med. 2003;45(2):69\u201374.","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"3707_CR31","first-page":"81","volume":"28","author":"E Tsega","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tsega E. The demographic, social, and clinical presentation of 100 Ethiopian patients with HIV infection. Ethiop Med J. 1990;28:81\u20138.","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"key":"3707_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1554-x","volume":"9","author":"T Shimelis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shimelis T, Tassachew Y, Lambiy T. Cryptosporidium and other intestinal parasitic infections among HIV patients in Southern Ethiopia: significance of improved HIV-related care. Parasites Vectors. 2016;9:270.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"3707_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0519","volume":"84","author":"F Masaisa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Masaisa F, Gahutu JB, Mukiibi J, Delanghe J, Philipp\u00e9 J. Anemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected women in Rwanda. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;84(3):456\u201360.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3707_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08904-3","volume":"359","author":"M Badri","year":"2002","unstructured":"Badri M, Wilson D, Wood R. Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on incidence of tuberculosis in South Africa: a cohort study. Lancet. 2002;359:2059\u201364.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"3707_CR35","first-page":"377","volume":"121","author":"N Kumarasamy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kumarasamy N, Vallabhaneni S, Flanigan TP, Mayer KH, Solomon S. Clincal profile of HIV in India. Indian J Med Res. 2005;121(4):377\u201394.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Research Notes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13104-018-3707-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13104-018-3707-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13104-018-3707-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T08:27:09Z","timestamp":1751790429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13104-018-3707-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3707"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-018-3707-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-0500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-0500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"604"}}