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The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      carriage, to characterize antibiotic susceptibility, and to explore genetic diversity of\n                      <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. Sampling was carried out as nasopharynx swabs among children less than 6\u00a0years old volunteers. After traditional biochemical tests, isolates\u00a0were confirmed\u00a0by targeting\n                      <jats:italic>omp6<\/jats:italic>\n                      sequence. Following the susceptibility tests,\u00a0genomic diversity of strains was analyzed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis procedure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 328 nasopharynx swabs, 73 strains were identified as H.\n                      <jats:italic>influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Among\n                      <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates, resistance to chloramphenicol (42%) and ampicillin (43%) was observed. Levofloxacin is the most effective antibiotic and the least effect belonged to tetracycline. By genomic analysis of selected\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>influenza<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 28 PFGE patterns were achieved among which 11 patterns included at least 2 strains. All strains clustered into 25 different clones. The dendrogram analysis of the isolated\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains showed that some of these strains had a clonal relationship and common genetic origin. According to our results, antibiotic resistance didn\u2019t show any significant correlation with the clonality of strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4603-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T02:34:06Z","timestamp":1568169246000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clonal diversity of Haemophilus influenzae carriage isolated from under the age of 6\u00a0years children"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Shooraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahman","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Fazlollah","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"4603_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4793","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.11.4793-4794.2005","volume":"49","author":"I Brook","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brook I, Hausfeld JN. 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In this study, all ethics including Ethics and Consent to participate from their parents have been collected in the research.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"565"}}