{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T20:09:22Z","timestamp":1762459762489,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["077092\/B\/05\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["077092\/B\/05\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Res Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study evaluated the efficacy of phototherapy and 20% albumin infusion to reduce total serum bilirubin (TSB) in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia. The primary outcome was a reduction of TSB at the end of treatment. The secondary outcomes were the need for exchange transfusion, inpatient mortality, neurological outcomes at discharge, and development outcomes at 12-months follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and eighteen neonates were randomly assigned to phototherapy and 20% albumin (n\u2009=\u200959) and phototherapy and saline (n\u2009=\u200969). The median age at admission was 5 (interquartile range (IQR) 3\u20136) days, and the median gestation was 36 (IQR 36\u201338) weeks. No significant differences were found in the change in TSB (Mann\u2013Whitney<jats:italic>U\u2009<\/jats:italic>=609,<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.98) and rate of change in TSB per hour after treatment (Mann\u2013Whitney<jats:italic>U\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u2009540,<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.39) between the two groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the proportion of participants who required exchange transfusion (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>(2)\u2009=\u20090.36, p\u2009=\u20090.546); repeat phototherapy (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>(2)\u2009=\u20092.37, p\u2009=\u20090.123); and those who died (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>(2)\u2009=\u20090.92, p\u2009=\u20090.337).<jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic>The trial was registered in the International Standardized Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN); trial registration number ISRCTN89732754.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4632-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T13:02:42Z","timestamp":1569243762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A randomized control trial of phototherapy and 20% albumin versus phototherapy and saline in Kilifi, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn89732754","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1889-7552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorcas N.","family":"Magai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mwaniki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3686-7904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shebe","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne L.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Kalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9643-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans M.","family":"Koot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6999-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles R.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"4632_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2017-000105","author":"TM Slusher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Slusher TM, Zamora TG, Appiah D, Stanke JU, Strand MA, Lee BW, et al. Burden of severe neonatal jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjpo-2017-000105.","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open."},{"issue":"5","key":"4632_CR2","first-page":"558","volume":"45","author":"S Ullah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ullah S, Rahman K, Hedayati M. Hyperbilirubinemia in neonates: types, causes, clinical examinations, preventive measures and treatments: a narrative review article. Iran J Public Health. 2016;45(5):558.","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health."},{"issue":"5","key":"4632_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.5.438","volume":"88","author":"M English","year":"2013","unstructured":"English M, Ngama M, Musumba C, Wamola B, Bwika J, Mohammed S, et al. Causes and outcome of young infant admissions to a Kenyan district hospital. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88(5):438\u201343.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"11","key":"4632_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.50.11.833","volume":"50","author":"RH Dobbs","year":"1975","unstructured":"Dobbs RH, Cremer R. Phototherapy. Arch Dis Child. 1975;50(11):833.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"4632_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007969","author":"P Kumar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kumar P, Chawla D, Deorari A. Light-emitting diode phototherapy for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates. Cochrane Library. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007969.","journal-title":"Cochrane Library."},{"key":"4632_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010212.pub2","author":"US Malwade","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malwade US, Jardine LA. Home-versus hospital-based phototherapy for the treatment of non-haemolytic jaundice in infants at more than 37 weeks\u2019 gestation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010212.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"4632_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007966.pub2","volume":"8","author":"CI Okwundu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Okwundu CI, Okoromah CA, Shah PS. Cochrane Review: Prophylactic phototherapy for preventing jaundice in preterm or low birth weight infants. Evid Based Child Health Cochrane Rev J. 2013;8(1):204\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007966.pub2.","journal-title":"Evid Based Child Health Cochrane Rev J."},{"issue":"2","key":"4632_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-014-2373-8","volume":"174","author":"M Sachdeva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sachdeva M, Murki S, Oleti TP, Kandraju H. Intermittent versus continuous phototherapy for the treatment of neonatal non-hemolytic moderate hyperbilirubinemia in infants more than 34\u00a0weeks of gestational age: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2015;174(2):177\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-014-2373-8.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"4632_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1093\/trope\/ftmt110","volume":"60","author":"K Satrom","year":"2014","unstructured":"Satrom K, Slusher T, Satrom J. Effectiveness of phototherapy units in Cameroon. J Trop Pediatr. 2014;60(3):264\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/trope\/ftmt110.","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"21","key":"4632_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1308124","volume":"369","author":"JF Watchko","year":"2013","unstructured":"Watchko JF, Tiribelli C. Bilirubin-induced neurologic damage\u2014mechanisms and management approaches. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(21):2021\u201330.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"4632_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01496.x","volume":"10","author":"AL Gordon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gordon AL, English M, Tumaini Dzombo J, Karisa M, Newton CR. Neurological and developmental outcome of neonatal jaundice and sepsis in rural Kenya. Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10(11):1114\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01496.x.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"4632_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050718","volume":"156","author":"M Wolf","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wolf M, Beunen G, Casaer P, Wolf B. Extreme hyperbilirubinaemia in Zimbabwean neonates: neurodevelopmental outcome at 4 months. Eur J Pediatr. 1997;156(10):803\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"4632_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310051029","volume":"158","author":"M-J Wolf","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wolf M-J, Wolf B, Beunen G, Casaer P. Neurodevelopmental outcome at 1\u00a0year in Zimbabwean neonates with extreme hyperbilirubinaemia. Eur J Pediatr. 1999;158(2):111\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4632_CR14","first-page":"354","volume":"16","author":"T Ogunlesi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ogunlesi T, Dedeke I, Adekanmbi A, Fetuga M, Ogunfowora O. The incidence and outcome of bilirubin encephalopathy in Nigeria: a bi-centre study. Niger J Med. 2007;16(4):354\u20139.","journal-title":"Niger J Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"4632_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02223.x","volume":"14","author":"B Olusanya","year":"2009","unstructured":"Olusanya B, Akande A, Emokpae A, Olowe S. Infants with severe neonatal jaundice in Lagos, Nigeria: incidence, correlates and hearing screening outcomes. Trop Med Int Health. 2009;14(3):301\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02223.x.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"4632_CR16","first-page":"252","volume":"9","author":"J Owa","year":"1990","unstructured":"Owa J, Dawodu A. Neonatal jaundice among Nigerian preterm infants. West Afr J Med. 1990;9(4):252\u20137.","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4632_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.94.4.558","volume":"94","author":"Provision Committee for Quality Improvement","year":"1994","unstructured":"Provision Committee for Quality Improvement. Practice parameter: management of hyperbilirubinemia in the healthy term newborn. Pediatrics. 1994;94(4):558\u201365.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"4632_CR18","first-page":"186","volume":"9","author":"R Iranpour","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iranpour R, Nohekhan R, Haghshenas I. Effect of intravenous fluid supplementation on serum bilirubin level in jaundiced healthy neonates during conventional phototherapy. J Res Med Sci. 2004;9(4):186\u201390.","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"4632_CR19","first-page":"399","volume":"50","author":"R Caldera","year":"1993","unstructured":"Caldera R, Maynier M, Sender A, Brossard Y, Tortrat D, Galiay J, et al. The effect of human albumin in association with intensive phototherapy in the management of neonatal jaundice. Archiv Francaises de Pediatrie. 1993;50(5):399\u2013402.","journal-title":"Archiv Francaises de Pediatrie."},{"issue":"1","key":"4632_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200x.2001.01338.x","volume":"43","author":"S Hosono","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hosono S, Ohno T, Kimoto H, Nagoshi R, Shimizu M, Nozawa M. Effects of albumin infusion therapy on total and unbound bilirubin values in term infants with intensive phototherapy. Pediatr Int. 2001;43(1):8\u201311.","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"252","key":"4632_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.47.252.250","volume":"47","author":"Y Tsao","year":"1972","unstructured":"Tsao Y, Victor Y. Albumin in management of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Arch Dis Child. 1972;47(252):250\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"4632_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200X.2002.01612.x","volume":"44","author":"S Hosono","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hosono S, Ohno T, Kimoto H, Nagoshi R, Shimizu M, Nozawa M, et al. Follow-up study of auditory brainstem responses in infants with high unbound bilirubin levels treated with albumin infusion therapy. Pediatr Int. 2002;44(5):488\u201392.","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"4632_CR23","volume-title":"Pocket book of hospital care for children: guidelines for the management of common childhood illnesses","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Pocket book of hospital care for children: guidelines for the management of common childhood illnesses. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013."},{"issue":"3","key":"4632_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1179\/146532808X335679","volume":"28","author":"A Abubakar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abubakar A, Holding P, Van Baar A, Newton C, van de Vijver FJ. Monitoring psychomotor development in a resourcelimited setting: an evaluation of the Kilifi Developmental Inventory. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2008;28(3):217\u201326.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"4632_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01561.x","volume":"99","author":"A Abubakar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abubakar A, Holding P, Van de Vijver F, Bomu G, Van Baar A. Developmental monitoring using caregiver reports in a resource-limited setting: the case of Kilifi, Kenya. Acta Paediatr. 2010;99(2):291\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"4632_CR26","volume-title":"Stata version 11.0","author":"StataCorp L","year":"2009","unstructured":"StataCorp L. Stata version 11.0. College Station: StataCorp LP; 2009."},{"key":"4632_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD011891","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011891.pub2","volume":"8","author":"NM Lai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lai NM, Ahmad Kamar A, Choo YM, Kong JY. Ngim CF. Fluid supplementation for neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;8:CD011891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011891.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"228","key":"4632_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.43.228.151","volume":"43","author":"A Comley","year":"1968","unstructured":"Comley A, Wood B. Albumin administration in exchange transfusion for hyperbilirubinaemia. Arch Dis Child. 1968;43(228):151.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"4632_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.30.4.613","volume":"30","author":"GB Odell","year":"1962","unstructured":"Odell GB, Cohen SN, Gordes EH. Administration of albumin in the management of hyperbilirubinemia by exchange transfusions. Pediatrics. 1962;30(4):613\u201321.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["BMC Research Notes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13104-019-4632-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13104-019-4632-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13104-019-4632-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T10:16:09Z","timestamp":1664446569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13104-019-4632-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4632"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-019-4632-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-0500"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1756-0500"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the KEMRI Scientific and Ethics Review Unit (SERU). Protocol registration number KEMRI SCC 1016. Written informed consent was obtained from parents of all study participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"617"}}