{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:40:29Z","timestamp":1779882029405,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Res Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimalarials are globally used against plasmodium infections, however, information on the safety of new antimalarial combination therapies on the gastric mucosa is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Artesunate-Amodiaquine and Artemether-Lumefantrine on ulcer induction. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and major histological changes in male Wistar rats following ulcer induction using Indomethacin were investigated. Gastric ulcers were in four groups; Group I was administered Artesunate, group II received Artesunate-Amodiaquine, group III received Artemether-Lumefantrine, and group IV was a positive control (normal saline). Group V was the negative control consisting of healthy rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimalarial combination therapies were associated with a high gastric ulcer index than a single antimalarial agent, Artesunate. In addition, levels of MDA were significantly higher in the combination of therapies while levels of GSH were lower in comparison to Artesunate and the negative control. Microscopically, antimalarial combination therapies were associated with severe inflammation and tissue damage than Artesunate in the gastric mucosa showing that antimalarial combination therapies exert their toxic effects through oxidative stress mechanisms, and this leads to cellular damage. Findings in this study demonstrate a need to revisit information on the pharmacodynamics of major circulating antimalarial agents in developing countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05073-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T00:02:46Z","timestamp":1587600166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antimalarial combination therapies increase gastric ulcers through an imbalance of basic antioxidative-oxidative enzymes in male Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8647-0956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhamudu","family":"Kalange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5520-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Nansunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5763-7964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keneth Iceland","family":"Kasozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9551-4423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josephine","family":"Kasolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3600-5255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jackline","family":"Namulema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1600-3500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovile Kasande","family":"Atusiimirwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4743-9622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Tiyo","family":"Ayikobua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1849-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fred","family":"Ssempijja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6218-0444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edson Ireeta","family":"Munanura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4000-9515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Matama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4165-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Semuyaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2487-6595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerald","family":"Zirintunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3382-0596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfred Omachonu","family":"Okpanachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"5073_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4381","volume":"23","author":"B Blasco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blasco B, Leroy D, Fidock DA. Antimalarial drug resistance: linking Plasmodium falciparum parasite biology to the clinic. Nat Med. 2017;23(8):917\u201328.","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"5073_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2239","volume":"7","author":"RT Eastman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eastman RT, Fidock DA. Artemisinin-based combination therapies: a vital tool in efforts to eliminate malaria. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009;7(12):864\u201374.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"5073_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.11569\/wcjd.v21.i16.1473","volume":"21","author":"J Sha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sha J, Li XL, Zhu MH, Yang AP, Chen L. Effect of nesfatin-1 on gastric acid secretion in rats. World Chin J Dig. 2013;21(16):1473\u20139.","journal-title":"World Chin J Dig."},{"issue":"6","key":"5073_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1159\/000109767","volume":"53","author":"HO AlKadi","year":"2007","unstructured":"AlKadi HO. Antimalarial drug toxicity: a review. Chemotherapy. 2007;53(6):385\u201391.","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"17","key":"5073_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2008.2154.2158","volume":"11","author":"KQ Ajeigbe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ajeigbe KQ, Olaleye SB, Nwobodo EO. Effects of amodiaquine hydrochloride and artemisinin on indomethacin-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. Pakistan J Biol Sci. 2008;11(17):2154\u20138.","journal-title":"Pakistan J Biol Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"5073_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.9.8.1815","volume":"9","author":"RN Price","year":"2000","unstructured":"Price RN. Artemisinin drugs: novel antimalarial agents. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2000;9(8):1815\u201327.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"5073_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.547","volume":"60","author":"R Price","year":"1999","unstructured":"Price R, van Vugt M, Phaipun L, Luxemburger C, Simpson J, McGready R, et al. Adverse effects in patients with acute falciparum malaria treated with artemisinin derivatives. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;60(4):547\u201355.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5073_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3923\/jms.2009.87.92","volume":"9","author":"SB Olaleye","year":"2009","unstructured":"Olaleye SB, Ajeigbe KO. Attenuation of experimental gastric ulceration by sulfadoxine-pyrimenthamine in Albino rats. J Med Sci. 2009;9(2):87\u201392.","journal-title":"J Med Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"5073_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2012.6.2.210","volume":"6","author":"PJ Seo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seo PJ, Kim N, Kim JH, Lee BH, Nam RH, Lee HS, et al. Comparison of indomethacin, diclofenac and aspirin-induced gastric damage according to age in rats. Gut Liver. 2012;6(2):210\u20137.","journal-title":"Gut Liver."},{"key":"5073_CR10","volume-title":"Guidelines for the treatment of malaria","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2015","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2015.","edition":"3"},{"issue":"12","key":"5073_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3581","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3123581","volume":"3","author":"FW Hombhanje","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hombhanje FW, Huang Q. Artemisinin-Naphthoquine combination (ARCO\u00ae): an overview of the progress. Pharmaceuticals. 2010;3(12):3581\u201393.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals."},{"issue":"1","key":"5073_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pctr.0010007","volume":"1","author":"H Bukirwa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bukirwa H, Yeka A, Kamya MR, Talisuna A, Banek K, Bakyaita N, et al. Artemisinin combination therapies for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Uganda. PLoS Clin Trials. 2006;1(1):e7.","journal-title":"PLoS Clin Trials."},{"issue":"5","key":"5073_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pctr.0020020","volume":"2","author":"MR Kamya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kamya MR, Yeka A, Bukirwa H, Lugemwa M, Rwakimari JB, Staedke SG, et al. Artemether-Lumefantrine versus Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for treatment of malaria: a randomized trial. PLoS Clin Trials. 2007;2(5):e20.","journal-title":"PLoS Clin Trials."},{"issue":"4","key":"5073_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00004.2008","volume":"88","author":"JL Wallace","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wallace JL. Prostaglandins, NSAIDs, and gastric mucosal protection: why doesn\u2019t the stomach digest itself? Physiol Rev. 2008;88(4):1547\u201365.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5073_CR15","unstructured":"Silva MIG, Sousa FCF de. Gastric Ulcer Etiology. http:\/\/cdn.intechopen.com\/pdfs-wm\/22939.pdf. 2011."},{"key":"5073_CR16","unstructured":"Atuma C. Gastrointestinal mucosal protective mechanisms mudolatory effects of Heliobacter pyroli on the gastric mucus gel barrier and mucosal blood flow in vivo. 2000;60."},{"issue":"9404","key":"5073_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15330-5","volume":"363","author":"A Attaran","year":"2004","unstructured":"Attaran A, Barnes KI, Curtis C, D\u2019Alessandro U, Fanello CI, Galinski MR, et al. WHO, the global fund, and medical malpractice in malaria treatment. Lancet. 2004;363(9404):237\u201340.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"5073_CR18","first-page":"613","volume":"65","author":"S Kwiecien","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kwiecien S, Jasnos K, Magierowski M, Sliwowski Z, Pajdo R, Brzozowski B, et al. Lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species and antioxidative factors in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal lesions and mechanism of protection against oxidative stress\u2014induced gastric injury. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014;65(5):613\u201322.","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5073_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha4118929","volume":"41","author":"HS El-Beltagi","year":"2013","unstructured":"El-Beltagi HS, Mohamed HI. Reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defense mechanism. Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj-Napoca. 2013;41(1):44\u201357.","journal-title":"Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj-Napoca."},{"issue":"2","key":"5073_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00040.2012","volume":"94","author":"A Bhattacharyya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya A, Chattopadhyay R, Mitra S, Crowe SE. Oxidative stress: an essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Physiol Rev. 2014;94(2):329\u201354.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5073_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.10.016","volume":"224","author":"VI Lushchak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lushchak VI. Free radicals, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and its classification. Chem Biol Interact. 2014;224:164\u201375.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"2","key":"5073_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.049478","volume":"552","author":"JF Turrens","year":"2003","unstructured":"Turrens JF. Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species. J Physiol. 2003;552(2):335\u201344.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5073_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1382-6689(01)00077-1","volume":"10","author":"NH Cnubben","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cnubben NH, Rietjens IMC, Wortelboer H, van Zanden J, van Bladeren PJ. The interplay of glutathione-related processes in antioxidant defense. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2001;10(4):141\u201352.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"5073_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins6020608","volume":"6","author":"F Guilford","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guilford F, Hope J. Deficient glutathione in the pathophysiology of Mycotoxin-Related illness. Toxins. 2014;6(2):608\u201323.","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"5073_CR25","first-page":"R439","volume":"267","author":"C Leeuwenburgh","year":"1994","unstructured":"Leeuwenburgh C, Fiebig R, Chandwaney R, Ji LL. Aging and exercise training in skeletal muscle: responses of glutathione and antioxidant enzyme systems. Am J Physiol. 1994;267(2 Pt 2):R439\u201345.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5073_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.02.020","volume":"8","author":"C Perricone","year":"2009","unstructured":"Perricone C, De Carolis C, Perricone R. Glutathione: a key player in autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev. 2009;8(8):697\u2013701.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"5073_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327115626580","volume":"35","author":"A Abolaji","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abolaji A, Adesanoye O, Awogbindin I, Farombi E. Endocrine disruption and oxidative stress implications of artemether\u2013lumefantrine combination therapy in the ovary and uterus of rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2016;35(11):1173\u201382.","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5073_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327112464666","volume":"32","author":"AO Abolaji","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abolaji AO, Eteng MU, Omonua O, Adenrele Y. Influence of coadministration of artemether and lumefantrine on selected plasma biochemical and erythrocyte oxidative stress indices in female Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013;32(2):206\u201315.","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol."},{"issue":"12","key":"5073_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01739.x","volume":"11","author":"MB Denis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Denis MB, Tsuyuoka R, Lim P, Lindegardh N, Yi P, Top SN, et al. Efficacy of artemether? lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in northwest Cambodia. Trop Med Int Heal. 2006;11(12):1800\u20137.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Heal."},{"issue":"1","key":"5073_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-176","volume":"11","author":"A F\u00e4rnert","year":"2012","unstructured":"F\u00e4rnert A, Ursing J, Tolfvenstam T, Rono J, Karlsson L, Sparrelid E, et al. Artemether-lumefantrine treatment failure despite adequate lumefantrine day 7 concentration in a traveller with Plasmodium falciparum malaria after returning from Tanzania. Malar J. 2012;11(1):176.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"issue":"2 36-2","key":"5073_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R439","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1994.267.2.R439","volume":"267","author":"C Leeuwenburgh","year":"1994","unstructured":"Leeuwenburgh C, Fiebig R, Chandwaney RJ, Ji LL. Aging and exercise training in skeletal muscle: responses of glutathione and antioxidant enzyme systems. Am J Physiol\u2014Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 1994;267(2 36-2):R439\u201345.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol\u2014Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"5073_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1Q539","volume":"46","author":"KR Stover","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stover KR, King ST, Robinson J. Artemether-Lumefantrine: an option for malaria. Ann Pharmacother. 2012;46(4):567\u201377.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"97","key":"5073_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"AR Anvikar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anvikar AR, Sharma B, Shahi BH, Tyagi PK, Bose TK, Sharma SK, et al. Artesunate-amodiaquine fixed dose combination for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in India. Malar J. 2012;11(97):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"issue":"250","key":"5073_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"B Schramm","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schramm B, Valeh P, Baudin E, Mazinda CS, Smith R, Pinoges L, et al. Tolerability and safety of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine fixed dose combinations for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: two open-label, randomized trials in Nimba County. Liberia Malar J. 2013;12(250):1\u201313.","journal-title":"Liberia Malar J."},{"issue":"1","key":"5073_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4841-8","volume":"12","author":"ED Eze","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eze ED, Afodun AM, Kasolo J, Kasozi KI. Lycopene improves on basic hematological and immunological parameters in diabetes mellitus. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):805.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes."},{"issue":"6","key":"5073_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2004.995.1000","volume":"7","author":"MS Rifat-uz-Zaman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rifat-uz-Zaman MS, Khan MS. Gastroprotective and antisecretory effects of Nigella sativa and its extracts in indomethacin-treated rats. Pakistan J Biomed Sci. 2004;7(6):995\u20131000.","journal-title":"Pakistan J Biomed Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"5073_CR37","first-page":"23","volume":"15","author":"SB Olaleye","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olaleye SB, Ajeigbe KO, Emikpe BE. Effect of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artesunate on gastric acid secretion and parietal cell mass in rats. African J Biomed Res. 2012;15(1):23\u20138.","journal-title":"African J Biomed Res."},{"key":"5073_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2015.01.007","author":"P Bigoniya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bigoniya P, Sahu T, Tiwari V. Hematological and biochemical effects of sub-chronic artesunate exposure in rats. Toxicol Reports. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2015.01.007.","journal-title":"Toxicol Reports."},{"key":"5073_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.027","author":"S Verma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verma S, Kumar VL. Attenuation of gastric mucosal damage by artesunate in rat: modulation of oxidative stress and NF\u03baB mediated signaling. Chem Biol Interact. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.07.027.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"5073_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2017-0145","author":"KO Ajeigbe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ajeigbe KO, Emikpe BO, Olaleye SB. Effects of artemisinin, with or without lumefantrine and amodiaquine on gastric ulcer healing in rat. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2017-0145.","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"5073_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4098942","volume":"2018","author":"KI Kasozi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kasozi KI, Namubiru S, Safiriyu AA, Ninsiima HI, Nakimbugwe D, Namayanja M, et al. Grain amaranth is associated with improved hepatic and renal calcium metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus of male wistar rats. Evid-Based Complement Altern Med. 2018;2018:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Evid-Based Complement Altern Med."},{"issue":"C","key":"5073_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86175-U","volume":"186","author":"H Jaeschke","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jaeschke H, Mitchell JR. Use of isolated perfused organs in hypoxia and ischemia\/reperfusion oxidant stress. Methods Enzymol. 1990;186(C):752\u20139.","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"5073_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esterbauer H, Cheeseman KH. [42] Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products: Malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. In: Methods in Enzymology. 1990: 407\u2013421.","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86134-H"},{"issue":"e763","key":"5073_CR44","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"K Sinha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sinha K, Sil PC. Targeting oxidative stress and inflammation in NSAIDs induced gastropathy: a plausible therapeutic approach. Inflamm Cell Signal. 2015;2(e763):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Inflamm Cell Signal."},{"issue":"June","key":"5073_CR45","first-page":"89","volume":"27","author":"KO Ajeigbe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ajeigbe KO, Emikpe BO, Olaleye SB. Augmentation of gastric acid secretion by chloroquine and amodiaquine in the rat stomach. Niger J Physiol Sci. 2012;27(June):89\u201394.","journal-title":"Niger J Physiol Sci"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05084-4","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589760000000}}],"container-title":["BMC Research Notes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13104-020-05073-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13104-020-05073-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13104-020-05073-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T19:32:58Z","timestamp":1619119978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13104-020-05073-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-020-05073-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.22004\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1756-0500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-0500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2020","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This was acquired from the Kampala International University Western Campus Ethics and Scientific review board. Consent to participate was not applicable to this study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"230"}}