{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:46:36Z","timestamp":1788997596526,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17dk0307067h001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17dk0307067h001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Res Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to validate the Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, and Food (SCOFF) questionnaire in relation to the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and to examine the appropriateness of a question concerning weight loss among Japanese university students. The psychometric properties of the two Japanese versions were determined among 649 Japanese college students. The original version (SCOFF-O) employed the original item 3, whereas the revised version (SCOFF-2.5) modified the item to \u201cHave you recently lost more than 2.5\u00a0kg within three months?\u201d Validity was tested relative to EDE-Q.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The test\u2013retest reliabilities of SCOFF-O and SCOFF-2.5 were 0.52 and 0.57, while the correlations of SCOFF-O and SCOFF-2.5 with EDE-Q were<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.53 and<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.56. The sensitivity and specificity of SCOFF-O were 65.2 and 89.7, and those of SCOFF-2.5 were 69.5 and 86.5, respectively. There were significant correlations between the question concerning losing 2.5\u00a0kg and the EDE-Q subscales. The Japanese version of SCOFF-2.5 is an appropriate tool for the early screening of eating disorders among Japanese university students.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-021-05549-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T19:03:15Z","timestamp":1618599795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Establishment of a Japanese version of the Sick, Control, One Stone, Fat, and Food (SCOFF) questionnaire for screening eating disorders in university students"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8667-7802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutaka","family":"Hosoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Ohtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Hanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mami","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Ohsako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tasuku","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Kobori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaomi","family":"Iyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiko","family":"Nakazato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"5549_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-015-0070-2","volume":"3","author":"K Pike","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pike K, Dunne P. The rise of eating disorders in Asia: a review. J Eat Disord. 2015;3:33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-015-0070-2.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"5549_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.040","volume":"61","author":"JI Hudson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hudson JI, Hiripi E, Pope HG Jr, Kessler RC. The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;61(3):348\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.040.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5549_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.02.04","volume":"238","author":"U Volpe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Volpe U, Tortorella A, Manchia M, Monteleone AM, Albert U, Monteleone P. Eating disorders: what age at onset? Psychiatry Res. 2016;238:225\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.02.04.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"5549_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2010.546461","volume":"59","author":"D Eisenberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eisenberg D, Roeder K, Kirz N. Eating disorder symptoms among college students: prevalence, persistence, correlates, and treatment-seeking. J Am Coll Health. 2011;59(8):700\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"5549_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291700049163","volume":"12","author":"D Garner","year":"1982","unstructured":"Garner D, Olmsted M, Bohr Y, Garfinkel P. The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psych Med. 1982;12(4):871\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291700049163.","journal-title":"Psych Med"},{"key":"5549_CR6","unstructured":"Hisamatsu Y, Tsuboi K, Tsutsui S, Shinoda T. A study on primary screening method for eating disorder in female university students. Jpn J Psychosom Med. 2000;40, 325\u2013331. (Article in Japanese)"},{"issue":"7223","key":"5549_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7223.1467","volume":"319","author":"J Morgan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morgan J, Reid F, Lacey J. The SCOFF questionnaire: Assessment of a new screening tool for eating disorders. BMJ. 1999;319(7223):1467.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"5549_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2008.09.004","volume":"46","author":"S Leung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leung S, Lee K, Lee S, Leung S, Hung W, Lee W, et al. Psychometric properties of the SCOFF questionnaire (Chinese version) for screening eating disorders in Hong Kong secondary school students: a cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009;46(2):239\u201347.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"5549_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/13651500500305275","volume":"10","author":"S Noma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Noma S, Nakai Y, Hamagaki S, Uehara M, Hayashi A, Hayashi T. Comparison between the SCOFF questionnaire and the eating attitudes test in patients with eating disorders. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2006;10(1):27\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13651500500305275.","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract"},{"key":"5549_CR10","unstructured":"e-Stat, Statistics of Japan. (n.d.). 2017. https:\/\/www.e-stat.go.jp\/dbview?sid=0003224177"},{"key":"5549_CR11","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. 2017. 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After these individuals had a sufficient understanding of our project, we conducted the survey. The questionnaire was anonymous and responses were kept in lockers so the identities of the respondents would not be revealed. Moreover, the questionnaire clearly stated that responding to the questionnaire was voluntary.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"142"}}