{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:13:22Z","timestamp":1790072002996,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Res Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Financial protection mechanisms are in place to overcome the costs of a few diseases in India. Our objective was to estimate the costs incurred due to Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) and to determine predictors of such costs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We found that the median (Interquartile range IQR) total costs of OPMD was Indian Rupees (INR) 500 (350\u2013750), direct medical costs was INR 0 (0\u201350), direct non-medical costs was INR 150 (40\u2013200) and indirect costs was INR 350 (250\u2013500). The travel cost to attend the health facilities [INR 100 (40\u2013150)] and the patient\u2019s loss of wages [INR 200 (150\u2013400)] mainly accounted for the direct non-medical and indirect costs respectively. The median expenditure on smokeless and smoking forms of tobacco was INR 6000 (5400\u20137200) and INR 2400 (1800\u20133600) respectively. On multiple linear regression analysis, rural residence, belonging to below poverty line family, being a sole earner in the family, number of months since diagnosis and first visit at a private provider were found to be the significant predictors of total costs of OPMD. Financial protection mechanisms are needed for covering the direct non-medical and indirect costs. Early management of OPMD might mitigate the costs of OPMD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-021-05814-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T16:02:40Z","timestamp":1635091360000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Costs incurred by patients with oral potentially malignant disorders: is there a public health need for financial protection in India?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jay R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2174-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihir P.","family":"Rupani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"5814_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2013.10.021","volume":"50","author":"RK Manne","year":"2014","unstructured":"Manne RK. Oral potentially malignant disorders\/individuals. Oral Oncol. 2014;50:e7-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2013.10.021.","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"5814_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00582.x","volume":"36","author":"S Warnakulasuriya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Warnakulasuriya S, Johnson NW, Van Der Waal I. Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007;36:575\u201380.","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"5814_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12726","volume":"47","author":"FW Mello","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mello FW, Miguel AFP, Dutra KL, Porporatti AL, Warnakulasuriya S, Guerra ENS, et al. Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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Written informed consent was taken from study participants before the interview.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"396"}}