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Prior to the surveys, permission was received from the traditional authorities and the Paramount Chief of the chiefdom. A community meeting was held, and oral informed consent\/assent was obtained from village chiefs and adult participants themselves before they were examined, and samples collected. For children, permission was given from parents\/guardians on behalf of each child before DBS samples were collected. All participants were eligible for inclusion without discrimination on gender, social status, religion, or ethnicity. Participation was entirely voluntary, and they could participate and\/or withdraw at any time. 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