{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T10:15:22Z","timestamp":1779099322716,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005366","name":"University of Oslo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Res Notes"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Body temperature plays an important role in cancer, with febrile temperature generally associated with improved cancer resistance. In murine models, this resistance has been linked to the cytotoxic T cells, whose differentiation into cancer-killing effector cells is poor at lower but robust at elevated temperatures. If conserved, temperature-mediated potentiation of patient-derived T cells could be implemented to improve the existing cancer treatments, including the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T-cell therapy). Here, we tested this possibility using human STEAP1 CAR-T cells developed to target prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In mice, transient exposure to febrile temperature (39\u201340 \u00baC) increases the production of IFN-\u03b3 and the cancer-killing ability of CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells. Using a similar temperature treatment, we observed elevated levels of IFN-\u03b3 also in the human CAR-T cells. However, these cells displayed no improvement in their ability to kill cancer cells. Although we cannot discount the possibility that alternative protocols might lead to other outcomes, our findings suggest that incorporating thermal potentiation into existing protocols of CAR-T cell therapy may be more complicated than anticipated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-025-07249-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T14:12:49Z","timestamp":1745417569000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Thermal potentiation improves IFN-\u03b3 production but not cytotoxicity in human CAR-T cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Niladri Bhusan","family":"Pati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suman","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon Amund","family":"Kyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafal","family":"Ciosk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"7249_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3843","volume":"15","author":"SS Evans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Evans SS, Repasky EA, Fisher DT. Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels the heat. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015;15(6):335\u201349.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7249_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0118","volume":"1","author":"EA Repasky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Repasky EA, Evans SS, Dewhirst MW. Temperature matters! And why it should matter to tumor immunologists. Cancer Immunol Res. 2013;1(4):210\u20136.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"issue":"50","key":"7249_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20176","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1304291110","volume":"110","author":"KM Kokolus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kokolus KM, Capitano ML, Lee CT, Eng JW, Waight JD, Hylander BL, et al. Baseline tumor growth and immune control in laboratory mice are significantly influenced by subthermoneutral housing temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(50):20176\u201381.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"7249_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6426","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7426","volume":"6","author":"JW Eng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eng JW, Reed CB, Kokolus KM, Pitoniak R, Utley A, Bucsek MJ, et al. Housing temperature-induced stress drives therapeutic resistance in murine tumour models through beta2-adrenergic receptor activation. Nat Commun. 2015;6:6426.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"7249_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0511229","volume":"90","author":"TA Mace","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mace TA, Zhong L, Kilpatrick C, Zynda E, Lee CT, Capitano M, et al. Differentiation of CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells into effector cells is enhanced by physiological range hyperthermia. J Leukoc Biol. 2011;90(5):951\u201362.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"7249_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2023752118","volume":"118","author":"D O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u2019Sullivan D, Stanczak MA, Villa M, Uhl FM, Corrado M, Klein Geltink RI, et al. Fever supports CD8(+) effector T cell responses by promoting mitochondrial translation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118:25.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6382","key":"7249_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6711","volume":"359","author":"CH June","year":"2018","unstructured":"June CH, O\u2019Connor RS, Kawalekar OU, Ghassemi S, Milone MC. CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer. Science. 2018;359(6382):1361\u20135.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10297","key":"7249_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00933-8","volume":"398","author":"JG Berdeja","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berdeja JG, Madduri D, Usmani SZ, Jakubowiak A, Agha M, Cohen AD, et al. Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-1): a phase 1b\/2 open-label study. Lancet. 2021;398(10297):314\u201324.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"16","key":"7249_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215134","volume":"368","author":"SA Grupp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grupp SA, Kalos M, Barrett D, Aplenc R, Porter DL, Rheingold SR, et al. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for acute lymphoid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(16):1509\u201318.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"177","key":"7249_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177ra38","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005930","volume":"5","author":"RJ Brentjens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brentjens RJ, Davila ML, Riviere I, Park J, Wang X, Cowell LG, et al. CD19-targeted T cells rapidly induce molecular remissions in adults with chemotherapy-refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Transl Med. 2013;5(177):177ra38.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"7249_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2013.46","volume":"10","author":"JN Kochenderfer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kochenderfer JN, Rosenberg SA. Treating B-cell cancer with T cells expressing anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013;10(5):267\u201376.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7249_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-11-0281","volume":"10","author":"IM Gomes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gomes IM, Maia CJ, Santos CR. STEAP proteins: from structure to applications in cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Res. 2012;10(5):573\u201387.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"7249_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2022.06.007","volume":"26","author":"Y Jin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jin Y, Lorvik KB, Jin Y, Beck C, Sike A, Persiconi I, et al. Development of STEAP1 targeting chimeric antigen receptor for adoptive cell therapy against cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2022;26:189\u2013206.","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncolytics"},{"key":"7249_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin Y, Dunn C, Persiconi I, Sike A, Skorstad G, Beck C et al. Comparative evaluation of STEAP1 targeting chimeric antigen receptors with different costimulatory domains and spacers. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(1).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010586"},{"issue":"6","key":"7249_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2836","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.67","volume":"8","author":"P Bhat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bhat P, Leggatt G, Waterhouse N, Frazer IH. Interferon-gamma derived from cytotoxic lymphocytes directly enhances their motility and cytotoxicity. Cell Death Dis. 2017;8(6):e2836.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"7249_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2011.616182","volume":"28","author":"TA Mace","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mace TA, Zhong L, Kokolus KM, Repasky EA. Effector CD8\u2009+\u2009T cell IFN-gamma production and cytotoxicity are enhanced by mild hyperthermia. Int J Hyperth. 2012;28(1):9\u201318.","journal-title":"Int J Hyperth"},{"issue":"11","key":"7249_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2008.00889.x","volume":"29","author":"X Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang X, Lin Y. Tumor necrosis factor and cancer, buddies or foes? Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008;29(11):1275\u201388.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"5","key":"7249_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3193","volume":"12","author":"L Summers deLuca","year":"2012","unstructured":"Summers deLuca L, Gommerman JL. Fine-tuning of dendritic cell biology by the TNF superfamily. Nat Rev Immunol. 2012;12(5):339\u201351.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"7787","key":"7249_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1821-z","volume":"576","author":"J Wei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wei J, Long L, Zheng W, Dhungana Y, Lim SA, Guy C, et al. Targeting REGNASE-1 programs long-lived effector T cells for cancer therapy. Nature. 2019;576(7787):471\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["BMC Research Notes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13104-025-07249-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13104-025-07249-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13104-025-07249-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T14:12:51Z","timestamp":1745417571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13104-025-07249-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-025-07249-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-0500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-0500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics South-East, Norway (#267224), and conformed with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. PBMCs were obtained from anonymous healthy donors, in accordance with an agreement with the blood bank at Oslo University Hospital, and as approved by the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics South-East, Norway. Written informed consent was obtained from the donors by the blood bank.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"192"}}