{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:41:14Z","timestamp":1761007274919,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003252","name":"Lund University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Res Notes"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>As part of our research on Swedish school principals, we examined the occurrence and co-occurrence of conflicts and five negative acts (i.e. harassment, sexual harassment, threats of violence or physical harm, physical violence, bullying), their attributed sources, and their associations with self-rated health, workability, and general life satisfaction among 2670 principals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>During the past 12 months, approximately 75% of the school principals had experienced conflicts, 27.1% harassment, 22.4% threats of violence or physical harm, 7.2% physical violence, 5.9% bullying, and 2.7% sexual harassment. Some 18.9% reported neither involvement in conflicts nor being subjected to negative acts. Parents and teachers were common counterparts in conflicts and harassment. Parents and students made frequent threats of violence and physical harm. Mainly students carried out acts of violence. Logistic regression analyses showed that reports of being harassed, threatened, and bullied were consistently associated with lower self-rated health, workability, and general life satisfaction. School principals who had been subjected to sexual harassment reported lower workability in relation to psychological demands and lower general life satisfaction. School principals\u2019 health, workability, and general life satisfaction may benefit from taking measures that ensure proper social interactions with both internal (e.g. superiors) and external stakeholders (e.g. parents).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-025-07540-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:23:33Z","timestamp":1760963013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The occurrence and co-occurrence of conflicts and negative acts and their associations with self-rated health, workability, and life-satisfaction: a cross-sectional study of Swedish school principals"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7208-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Persson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9897-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulf","family":"Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3660-3079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carita","family":"H\u00e5kansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"7540_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.17-0111-OP","volume":"59","author":"F Chirico","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chirico F. The forgotten realm of the new and emerging psychosocial risk factors. J Occup Health. 2017;59(5):433\u20135.","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"7540_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1037\/ocp0000055","volume":"22","author":"J Barling","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barling J, Cloutier A. Leaders\u2019 mental health at work: empirical, methodological, and policy directions. J Occup Health Psychol. 2017;22(3):394\u2013406.","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"key":"7540_CR3","unstructured":"SFS, Skollagen [Educational Act]. 2010:800: Utbildningsdepartementet [Department of Education]."},{"issue":"1","key":"7540_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-024-01481-4","volume":"83","author":"R Persson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Persson R, et al. School principals\u2019 proposals for preventive actions to improve mental health. 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The Swedish Ethical Review Authority approved the study protocols (reg. nos. 2018\/247 and 2023-01497-02). In accordance with the study protocol, the participants provided written informed consent when they entered the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"436"}}