{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T06:22:56Z","timestamp":1772778176868,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Res Notes"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression and anxiety are common among people living with HIV (PLHIV), leading to poor quality of life and reduced adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Evidence from Sri Lanka is limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among Sinhala speaking PLHIV receiving ART at the National STD\/AIDS Control Programme, Colombo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross sectional study of 320 PLHIV used the validated Sinhala Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-S) and diagnostic interviews. Anxiety prevalence was 27.5% and depression 33.4%. Univariate analyses showed significant associations with female gender (anxiety\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009; depression\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), low income (anxiety\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005; depression\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), semi-urban residence (anxiety\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003; depression\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), sexual minority\/transgender identity (anxiety\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), sexual dysfunction (anxiety\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001; depression\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), poor ART adherence (anxiety\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), marital status (anxiety\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016; depression\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), non-disclosure (anxiety\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008; depression\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and suicidality (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In multivariate regression, poor ART adherence predicted anxiety (OR\u2009=\u200916.45, 95% CI 6.48\u201341.75). Predictors of depression were HIV awareness\u2009&gt;\u20091 year (OR\u2009=\u200910.10, 95% CI 1.16\u201387.76), female gender (OR\u2009=\u20093.32, 95% CI 1.42\u20137.77), marital status (married vs other, OR\u2009=\u20094.95, 95% CI 1.89\u201312.98), and income\u2009\u2264\u2009Rs.50,000 (OR\u2009=\u20092.74, 95% CI 1.35\u20135.56). Anxiety and depression correlated moderately (r\u2009=\u20090.319,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Only 8.1% received antidepressants despite 21.3% reporting suicidality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-025-07550-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T23:52:47Z","timestamp":1763682767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Depression and anxiety among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: prevalence and correlates at the National Sexually Transmitted Diseases\/AIDS programme, in Sri Lanka"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lahiru Yasas","family":"Akuratiyage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pushpa","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kumari Nirupama","family":"Karunarathna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geethani","family":"Samaraweera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sithum","family":"Manjika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pubudu Upekshana","family":"Chulasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chathurie Uththarika","family":"Suraweera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"7550_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0530-4","volume":"17","author":"MG Nanni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nanni MG, Caruso R, Mitchell AJ, Meggiolaro E, Grassi L. 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All research procedures involving human participants were conducted in full accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent revisions.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"489"}}