{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:04:54Z","timestamp":1781712294391,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":44,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Res Notes"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-026-07798-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T07:05:30Z","timestamp":1775286330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of training modalities on physiology, hematology, and performance in elite Ethiopian distance male athletes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5678-4519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nigatu","family":"Worku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeru Bekele","family":"Tola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aschenaki","family":"Taddese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7798_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.7.2.92","volume":"7","author":"RL Wilber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilber RL, Pitsiladis YP. Kenyan and Ethiopian distance runners: what makes them so good? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2012;7(2):92\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.7.2.92.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"1","key":"7798_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.1.102","volume":"83","author":"BD Levine","year":"1997","unstructured":"Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. Living high-training low: effect of moderate-altitude acclimatization with low-altitude training on performance. J Appl Physiol. 1997;83(1):102\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.1.102.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"7798_CR3","volume-title":"Lore of running","author":"T Noakes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Noakes T. Lore of running. 4th ed. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2003.","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"7798_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199500230-00004","volume":"23","author":"EF Coyle","year":"1995","unstructured":"Coyle EF. Integration of the physiological factors determining endurance performance ability. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1995;23:25\u201363.","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"7798_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2165\/11319770-000000000-00000","volume":"40","author":"VB Issurin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Issurin VB. New horizons for the methodology and physiology of training periodization. Sports Med. 2010;40(3):189\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/11319770-000000000-00000.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"7798_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.5.1527","volume":"86","author":"L Paavolainen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Paavolainen L, H\u00e4kkinen K, H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen I, Nummela A, Rusko H. Explosive-strength training improves 5-km running time by improving running economy and muscle power. J Appl Physiol. 1999;86(5):1527\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.5.1527.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7798_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-002-0741-y","volume":"89","author":"RW Spurrs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Spurrs RW, Murphy AJ, Watsford ML. The effect of plyometric training on distance running performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;89(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-002-0741-y.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"7798_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.112094","volume":"575","author":"MJ Gibala","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gibala MJ, Little JP, van Essen M, Wilkin GP, Burgomaster KA, Safdar A, et al. Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance. J Physiol. 2006;575(Pt 3):901\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.112094.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7798_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1079\/ECP200433","volume":"1","author":"YP Pitsiladis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pitsiladis YP, Onywera VO, Geogiades E, O\u2019Connell W, Boit MK. The dominance of Kenyans in distance running. Equine Comp Exerc Physiol. 2004;1(4):285\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/ECP200433.","journal-title":"Equine Comp Exerc Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7798_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000074448.73931.11","volume":"35","author":"I Mujika","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mujika I, Padilla S. Scientific bases for precompetition tapering strategies. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(7):1182\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/01.MSS.0000074448.73931.11.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"4","key":"7798_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.4.1448","volume":"85","author":"RF Chapman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chapman RF, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Individual variation in response to altitude training. J Appl Physiol. 1998;85(4):1448\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.4.1448.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7798_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-821052","volume":"26","author":"K Heinicke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heinicke K, Heinicke I, Schmidt W, Wolfarth B. A three-week traditional altitude training increases hemoglobin mass and red cell volume in elite biathlon athletes. Int J Sports Med. 2005;26(5):350\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2004-821052.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"7798_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085579","volume":"101","author":"C Lundby","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lundby C, Robach P. Does \u2018altitude training\u2019 increase exercise performance in elite athletes? Exp Physiol. 2016;101(7):783\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP085579.","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7798_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.5.3.276","volume":"5","author":"N Berryman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berryman N, Mujika I, Bosquet L. Strength training for middle- and long-distance performance: a meta-analysis. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2010;5(3):276\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.5.3.276.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"6","key":"7798_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318185f2f0","volume":"22","author":"LM Yamamoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamamoto LM, Lopez RM, Klau JF, Casa DJ, Kraemer WJ, Maresh CM. The effects of resistance training on endurance distance running performance among highly trained runners: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(6):2036\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318185f2f0.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"7798_CR16","volume-title":"Daniels' running formula","author":"J Daniels","year":"2013","unstructured":"Daniels J. Daniels\u2019 running formula. 3rd ed. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2013.","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"7798_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-015-0008-x","volume":"1","author":"KR Barnes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barnes KR, Kilding AE. Running economy: measurement, norms, and determining factors. Sports Med Open. 2015;1:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-015-0008-x.","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"7798_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0327","volume":"13","author":"M Kenneally","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kenneally M, Casado A, Santos-Concejero J. The effect of periodization and training intensity distribution on middle- and long-distance running performance: a systematic review. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018;13(9):1114\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0327.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"9","key":"7798_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003779","volume":"34","author":"B Sperlich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sperlich B, Landman G, Kischlat A, Holfelder B, Mester J. Block periodization versus traditional periodization in elite athletes: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(9):2681\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003779.","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7798_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232010-00003","volume":"32","author":"PB Laursen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Laursen PB, Jenkins DG. The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training: optimising training programmes and maximising performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Sports Med. 2002;32(1):53\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200232010-00003.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"7798_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001866","volume":"51","author":"T Steiner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Steiner T, Maier T, Wehrlin JP. Effect of endurance training on hemoglobin mass and VO\u2082max in male adolescent athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(5):912\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001866.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"7798_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01946-6","volume":"54","author":"S Inness","year":"2024","unstructured":"Inness S, Murach KA. Molecular signaling pathways in concurrent training: an update. Sports Med. 2024;54(3):477\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-023-01946-6.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"7798_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2023.2283705","volume":"42","author":"D Haile","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haile D, Tesfaye K. Unique training practices and environmental factors of ethiopian elite distance runners: a qualitative and quantitative study. J Sports Sci. 2024;42(1):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2023.2283705.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"7798_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.5114\/jhk\/168820","volume":"88","author":"YP Pitsiladis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pitsiladis YP, Bale A. The ethiopian and kenyan running success: a genetic and physiological profile. J Hum Kinet. 2023;88:189\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/jhk\/168820.","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"issue":"12","key":"7798_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2021.1876313","volume":"39","author":"A Parmar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parmar A, Jones TW, Hayes R, et al. The dose-response relationship between interval-training and VO\u2082max in well-trained endurance runners: a systematic review. J Sports Sci. 2021;39(12):1410\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2021.1876313.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"7798_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737040-00011","volume":"37","author":"C Foster","year":"2007","unstructured":"Foster C, Lucia A. Running economy: the forgotten factor in elite performance. Sports Med. 2007;37(4\u20135):316\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200737040-00011","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"7798_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5114\/jhk\/159600","volume":"86","author":"D Sitkowski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sitkowski D, Klusiewicz A, Pokrywka A, Jankowski W, Malczewska-Lenczowska J. Relationships between changes in hematological adaptations and exercise capacity in Olympic rowers after a period of reduced training loads. J Hum Kinet. 2023;86:155\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/jhk\/159600.","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"issue":"1","key":"7798_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-023-00671-8","volume":"10","author":"AM Jones","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jones AM, Casado A, R\u00f8nnestad BR. The magnitude of running economy improvement following training interventions in endurance runners: a meta-analysis. Sports Med Open. 2024;10(1): 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-023-00671-8.","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"7798_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01711-1","volume":"52","author":"H Vandewalle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vandewalle H, Chatard JC, Coyle EF. The role of skeletal muscle in running economy: a consensus statement. Sports Med. 2022;52(11):2675\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-022-01711-1.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"7798_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01437-6","volume":"51","author":"BR R\u00f8nnestad","year":"2021","unstructured":"R\u00f8nnestad BR, Mujika I. Concurrent training: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of heavy strength training on running and cycling performance. Sports Med. 2021;51(7):1415\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-021-01437-6.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"7798_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04567-3","volume":"121","author":"J \u0160karabot","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u0160karabot J, Brownstein CG, Casolo A, Del Vecchio A, Ansdell P. The knowns and unknowns of neural adaptations to resistance training. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021;121(3):675\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-020-04567-3.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7798_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01726-8","volume":"52","author":"PB Laursen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Laursen PB. High-intensity interval training: a practical update. Sports Med. 2022;52(10):2413\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-022-01726-8.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"7798_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01856-7","volume":"53","author":"S Seiler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seiler S. Training intensity distribution: a contemporary perspective on the 80\/20 rule. Sports Med. 2023;53(7):1381\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-023-01856-7.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"7798_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2022.2049572","volume":"40","author":"A Casado","year":"2022","unstructured":"Casado A, Casaj\u00fas JA, Casanova-Montoya J, Maffiuletti NA. The effects of very high-intensity interval training on endurance performance: a meta-analysis. J Sports Sci. 2022;40(10):1135\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2022.2049572.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"7798_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2020.07.002","volume":"18","author":"TL St\u00f6ggl","year":"2020","unstructured":"St\u00f6ggl TL, Sperlich B. The training intensity distribution puzzle: what do we know about polarized, pyramidal, and threshold models? Curr Opin Physiol. 2020;18:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cophys.2020.07.002.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7798_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2022.107021","volume":"39","author":"K-F Liao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liao K-F, Nassis G, Bishop C, Yang W, Bian C, Li Y-M. Effects of unilateral vs. bilateral resistance training interventions on measures of strength, jump, linear and change of direction speed: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Sport. 2022;39(3):485\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/biolsport.2022.107021.","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"issue":"8","key":"7798_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003168","volume":"55","author":"H Maddigan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maddigan H, Ardig\u00f2 LP, Jones AM. Running economy: linking oxygen cost to fractional utilization of VO\u2082max. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2023;55(8):1478\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003168.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"12","key":"7798_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01542-6","volume":"51","author":"A Casado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Casado A, Gonzalez-Mohino F, Main LP, Mujika I. The effects of different tapering strategies on endurance performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2021;51(12):2519\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-021-01542-6.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"7798_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1474479","volume":"15","author":"I Mujika","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mujika I, Bourdillon N, Zelenkova I, Vergnoux F, Millet GP. Hematological and performance adaptations to altitude training (2,320 m) in elite middle-distance and distance swimmers. Front Physiol. 2024;15:1474479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2024.1474479.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7798_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12087","volume":"24","author":"Bent R R\u00f8nnestad","year":"2014","unstructured":"R\u00f8nnestad BR, Mujika I. Optimizing strength training for running and cycling endurance performance: a review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24(4):603\u2013 612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12087","journal-title":"Scandinavian journal of medicine &amp; science in sports"},{"issue":"10","key":"7798_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2022-0168","volume":"17","author":"GS Solli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Solli GS, T\u00f8nnessen E, Sandbakk \u00d8. The implementation of load monitoring and wellness data in elite distance running. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022;17(10):1559\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2022-0168.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"7798_CR42","volume-title":"Blood volume expansion following supramaximal exercise-occurrence and contribution to maximal oxygen uptake","author":"M Mandi\u0107","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mandi\u0107 M. Blood volume expansion following supramaximal exercise-occurrence and contribution to maximal oxygen uptake. Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet (Sweden); 2022."},{"issue":"2","key":"7798_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1113\/EP091547","volume":"109","author":"JS Skinner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Skinner JS. The central and peripheral determinants of endurance exercise performance. Exp Physiol. 2024;109(2):209\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP091547.","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"7798_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191710773","volume":"19","author":"P Prieto-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prieto-Gonz\u00e1lez P, Sedlacek J. Effects of running-specific strength training, endurance training, and concurrent training on recreational endurance athletes\u2019 performance and selected anthropometric parameters. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(17):10773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191710773.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Research Notes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13104-026-07798-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13104-026-07798-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13104-026-07798-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:04:13Z","timestamp":1779102253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13104-026-07798-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-026-07798-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-0500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-0500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Department of Sport Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University Research Ethical Committee (protocol EAF-2024-012, approval date: 07 January 2023). All participants provided informed consent, and procedures complied with the Helsinki Declaration.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"223"}}