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Owing to the dynamic nature of the epigenome,\u00a0the identification and targeting of potential epigenetic modifiers may be helpful to curb radio-resistance. This requires a detailed exploration of the epigenetic changes that occur during the acquirement of radio-resistance. Such an understanding can be applied for effective utilization of treatment adjuncts to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy and reduce the incidence of tumor recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study explored the epigenetic alterations that occur during the acquirement of radio-resistance. Sequential irradiation of MCF7 breast cancer cell line up to 20\u2009Gy generated a radio-resistant model. Micrococcal nuclease digestion demonstrated the presence of compact chromatin architecture coupled with decreased levels of histone PTMs H3K9ac, H3K27\u2009ac, and H3S10pK14ac in the G\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/G\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      and mitotic cell cycle phases of the radio-resistant cells. Further investigation revealed that the radio-resistant population possessed high HDAC and low HAT activity, thus making them suitable candidates for HDAC inhibitor\u2013based radio-sensitization. Treatment of radio-resistant cells with HDAC inhibitor valproic acid led to the retention of \u03b3H2AX and decreased H3S10p after irradiation. Additionally, an analysis of 38 human patient samples obtained from 8 different tumor types showed variable tumor HDAC activity, thus demonstrating inter-tumoral epigenetic heterogeneity in a patient population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study revealed that an imbalance of HAT and HDAC activities led to the loss of site-specific histone acetylation and chromatin compaction as breast cancer cells acquired radio-resistance. Due to variation in the tumor HDAC activity among patients, our report suggests performing a prior assessment of the tumor epigenome to maximize the benefit of HDAC inhibitor\u2013based radio-sensitization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0800-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T11:03:11Z","timestamp":1578049391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Elevated HDAC activity and altered histone phospho-acetylation confer acquired radio-resistant phenotype to breast cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Asmita","family":"Sharda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudasir","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanket Girish","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajit Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurav Raj","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Gera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murali Krishna","family":"Chilkapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"800_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.12661","volume":"13","author":"S Malvia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malvia S, Bagadi SA, Dubey US, Saxena S. 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