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Low IGF1 secretion is known to cause growth restriction in childhood, as well as deregulated lipid metabolism, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in adulthood. The <jats:italic>IGF1<\/jats:italic> gene P2 promoter is highly methylated, resulting in low secretion of IGF1 in small infants and children. However, it is unknown when this methylation occurs. The aim of study was to clarify the point when this epigenetic program occurs during intrauterine development.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>We analyzed 56 preterm infants born before 32\u2009weeks of gestation, including 19 intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) infants whose birth weights were lower than \u2212 2SD calculated by the Japanese datasets. We extracted genomic DNA from whole blood at birth; methylation of the six CpG sites in the <jats:italic>IGF1<\/jats:italic> P2 promoter was analyzed by the bisulfite amplicon method using the MiSeq platform.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In contrast to term infants and children, the methylation of all six CpG sites positively correlated with body weight and body length at birth. <jats:italic>IGF1<\/jats:italic> P2 promoter methylation levels were significantly reduced in all six CpG sites in infants with IUGR.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These findings indicated that the <jats:italic>IGF1<\/jats:italic> gene is epigenetically activated before 32\u2009weeks of gestation in infants with IUGR and that the activated gene may become suppressed after this time point. This study may provide new insights to prevent the onset of adult diseases and to aid in nutritional management for preterm birth infants in neonatal intensive care units.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-00901-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T10:03:28Z","timestamp":1594893808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["IGF1 gene is epigenetically activated in preterm infants with intrauterine growth restriction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9392-3562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masato","family":"Kantake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naho","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Nakaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natsuki","family":"Ohkawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshitaka","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Miyabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromichi","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"901_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01809.x","volume":"5","author":"DJP Barker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barker DJP. 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All were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital between July 2017 and August 2019, and their parents had provided written informed consent for inclusion in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"108"}}