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Exposure to phthalate esters, a widely used plasticizer, is associated with respiratory and allergic morbidity. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) causes TSLP upregulation in the skin. In addition, phthalate exposure is associated with changes in environmentally induced DNA methylation, which might cause phenotypic heterogeneity. This study examined the DNA methylation of the <jats:italic>TSLP<\/jats:italic> gene to determine the potential mechanism between phthalate exposure and allergic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among all evaluated, only benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP) in the settled dusts were negatively correlated with the methylation levels of <jats:italic>TSLP<\/jats:italic> and positively associated with children\u2019s respiratory symptoms. The results revealed that every unit increase in BBzP concentration in the settled dust was associated with a 1.75% decrease in the methylation level on upstream 775\u00a0bp from the transcription start site (TSS) of <jats:italic>TSLP<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20091.75, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015) after adjustment for child\u2019s sex, age, BMI, parents\u2019 smoking status, allergic history, and education levels, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, formaldehyde, temperature; and relative humidity. Moreover, every percentage increase in the methylation level was associated with a 20% decrease in the risk of morning respiratory symptoms in the children (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65\u20130.99).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Exposure to BBzP in settled dust might increase children\u2019s respiratory symptoms in the morning through decreasing <jats:italic>TSLP<\/jats:italic> methylation. Therefore, the exposure to BBzP should be reduced especially for the children already having allergic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-021-01061-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T12:03:06Z","timestamp":1617969786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Associations among phthalate exposure, DNA methylation of TSLP, and childhood allergy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wan-Ru","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai-Tzu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai-Yun","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Ying","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Wen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiu-Yao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3589-9987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huey-Jen","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1061_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(84)80018-4","volume":"73","author":"RJ Hopp","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hopp RJ, Bewtra AK, Watt GD, Nair NM, Townley RG. 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