{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T08:52:11Z","timestamp":1789548731088,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"instituto de salud carlos iii","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI17\/01244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17\/01244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"instituto de salud carlos iii","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI19\/00184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"instituto de salud carlos iii","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI20\/00639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/00639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003339","name":"consejo superior de investigaciones cient\u00edficas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["reference 202020E086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["reference 202020E086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"comunidad de madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant reference 2017-T1\/BMD-5155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant reference 2017-T1\/BMD-5155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Epigenet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP1) receptors for entry into cells, and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. Inhibition of protease activity or the engagement with ACE2 and NRP1 receptors has been shown to be an effective strategy for blocking infectivity and viral spreading. Valproic acid (VPA; 2-propylpentanoic acid) is an epigenetic drug approved for clinical use. It produces potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects through its function as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Here, we propose VPA as a potential candidate to tackle COVID-19, in which rapid viral spread and replication, and hyperinflammation are crucial elements.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We used diverse cell lines (HK-2, Huh-7, HUVEC, Caco-2, and BEAS-2B) to analyze the effect of VPA and other HDAC inhibitors on the expression of the ACE-2 and NRP-1 receptors and their ability to inhibit infectivity, viral production, and the inflammatory response. Treatment with VPA significantly reduced expression of the ACE2 and NRP1 host proteins in all cell lines through a mechanism mediated by its HDAC inhibitory activity. The effect is maintained after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Consequently, the treatment of cells with VPA before infection impairs production of SARS-CoV-2 infectious viruses, but not that of other ACE2- and NRP1-independent viruses (VSV and HCoV-229E). Moreover, the addition of VPA 1\u00a0h post-infection with SARS-CoV-2 reduces the production of infectious viruses in a dose-dependent manner without significantly modifying the genomic and subgenomic messenger RNAs (gRNA and sg mRNAs) or protein levels of N protein. The production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6) induced by TNF-\u03b1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection is diminished in the presence of VPA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our data showed that VPA blocks three essential processes determining the severity of COVID-19. It downregulates the expression of ACE2 and NRP1, reducing the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2; it decreases viral yields, probably because it affects virus budding or virions stability; and it dampens the triggered inflammatory response. Thus, administering VPA could be considered a safe treatment for COVID-19 patients until vaccines have been rolled out across the world.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-021-01168-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T14:07:33Z","timestamp":1633961253000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Epigenetic targeting of the ACE2 and NRP1 viral receptors limits SARS-CoV-2 infectivity"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maria Laura","family":"Saiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta L.","family":"DeDiego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dar\u00edo","family":"L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Corte-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aroa","family":"Baraga\u00f1o Raneros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Astola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Asensi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"L\u00f3pez-Larrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3431-4206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Suarez-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1168_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https:\/\/covid19.who.int. Accessed 27 May 2021."},{"issue":"27","key":"1168_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","volume":"383","author":"FP Polack","year":"2020","unstructured":"Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, et al. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(27):2603\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"1168_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028436","volume":"383","author":"EJ Anderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anderson EJ, Rouphael NG, Widge AT, Jackson LA, Roberts PC, Makhene M, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(25):2427\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2028436.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10267","key":"1168_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32466-1","volume":"396","author":"MN Ramasamy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramasamy MN, Minassian AM, Ewer KJ, Flaxman AL, Folegatti PM, Owens DR, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered in a prime-boost regimen in young and old adults (COV002): a single-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2\/3 trial. Lancet. 2021;396(10267):1979\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32466-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"15","key":"1168_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.3645","volume":"325","author":"KE Stephenson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stephenson KE, Le Gars M, Sadoff J, de Groot AM, Heerwegh D, Truyers C, et al. Immunogenicity of the Ad26COV2S vaccine for COVID-19. JAMA. 2021;325(15):1535\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.3645.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"19","key":"1168_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034201","volume":"384","author":"J Sadoff","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sadoff J, Le Gars M, Shukarev G, Heerwegh D, Truyers C, de Groot AM, et al. Interim results of a phase 1\u20132a trial of Ad26COV2S covid-19 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(19):1824\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2034201.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"1168_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11727","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003138117","volume":"117","author":"J Shang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shang J, Wan Y, Luo C, Ye G, Geng Q, Auerbach A, et al. Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117(21):11727\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2003138117.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"7798","key":"1168_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","volume":"579","author":"P Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"1168_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15562-9","volume":"11","author":"X Ou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ou X, Liu Y, Lei X, Li P, Mi D, Ren L, et al. Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):1620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-15562-9.","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"6518","key":"1168_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd2985","volume":"370","author":"L Cantuti-Castelvetri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Ojha R, Pedro L, Djannatian M, Franz J, Kuivanen S, et al. Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity. Science. 2020;370(6518):856\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abd2985.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6518","key":"1168_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd3072","volume":"370","author":"JL Daly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daly JL, Simonetti B, Klein K, Chen K, Williamson MK, Ant\u00f3n-Pl\u00e1garo C, et al. Neuropilin-1 is a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Science. 2020;370(6518):861\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abd3072.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"1168_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1009153","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009153","volume":"17","author":"BS Mayi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mayi BS, Leibowitz JA, Woods AT, Ammon KA, Liu AE, Raja A. The role of Neuropilin-1 in COVID-19. PLoS Pathog. 2021;17(1):e1009153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009153.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"1168_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","volume":"181","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Kr\u00fcger N, Herrler ES, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181(2):271\u20132808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"10229","key":"1168_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0","volume":"395","author":"P Mehta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"1168_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0282-0","volume":"30","author":"M Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 2020;30(3):269\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41422-020-0282-0.","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"10236","key":"1168_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31022-9","volume":"395","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhang D, Du G, Du R, Zhao J, Jin Y, et al. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2020;395(10236):1569\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31022-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1168_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30911-7","volume":"21","author":"B Young","year":"2021","unstructured":"Young B, Tan TT, Leo YS. The place for remdesivir in COVID-19 treatment. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):20\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30911-7.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7813","key":"1168_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-01824-5","volume":"582","author":"H Ledford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ledford H. Coronavirus breakthrough: dexamethasone is first drug shown to save lives. Nature. 2020;582(7813):469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-020-01824-5.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"20","key":"1168_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10970","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2005615117","volume":"117","author":"X Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu X, Han M, Li T, Sun W, Wang D, Fu B, et al. Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117(20):10970\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2005615117.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"9","key":"1168_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217362","volume":"79","author":"PM Duret","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duret PM, Sebbag E, Mallick A, Gravier S, Spielmann L, Messer L. Recovery from COVID-19 in a patient with spondyloarthritis treated with TNF-alpha inhibitor etanercept. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(9):1251\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217362.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1168_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e325","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30127-2","volume":"2","author":"G Cavalli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cavalli G, De Luca G, Campochiaro C, Della-Torre E, Ripa M, Canetti D, et al. Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2(6):e325\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30127-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1168_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41469","volume":"73","author":"M Putman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Putman M, Chock YPE, Tam H, Kim AHJ, Sattui SE, Berenbaum F, et al. Antirheumatic disease therapies for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021;73(1):36\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.41469.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1168_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00398-1","volume":"15","author":"T Tomson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tomson T, Battino D, Perucca E. The remarkable story of valproic acid. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(2):141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00398-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1168_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01053","volume":"38","author":"M L\u00fcbbert","year":"2020","unstructured":"L\u00fcbbert M, Grishina O, Schmoor C, Schlenk RF, Jost E, Crysandt M, et al. Valproate and retinoic acid in combination with decitabine in elderly nonfit patients with acute myeloid leukemia: results of a multicenter, randomized, 2 2. Phase II Trial J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(3):257\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.19.01053.","journal-title":"Phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1168_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2957-y","volume":"16","author":"F Caponigro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caponigro F, Di Gennaro E, Ionna F, Longo F, Aversa C, Pavone E, et al. Phase II clinical study of valproic acid plus cisplatin and cetuximab in recurrent and\/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of Head and Neck-V-CHANCE trial. BMC Cancer. 2016;16(1):918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-016-2957-y.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"8304","key":"1168_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(82)90908-4","volume":"2","author":"E Robert","year":"1982","unstructured":"Robert E, Guibaud P. Maternal valproic acid and congenital neural tube defects. Lancet. 1982;2(8304):937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(82)90908-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"1168_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases6030059","volume":"6","author":"FG Delgado","year":"2018","unstructured":"Delgado FG, C\u00e1rdenas P, Castellanos JE. Valproic acid downregulates cytokine expression in human macrophages infected with dengue virus. Diseases. 2018;6(3):59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases6030059.","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"1168_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25604","volume":"232","author":"SJ Leu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leu SJ, Yang YY, Liu HC, Cheng CY, Wu YC, Huang MH, et al. Valproic acid and lithium meditate anti-inflammatory effects by differentially modulating dendritic cell differentiation and function. J Cell Physiol. 2017;232(5):1176\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.25604.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1168_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2009.06.003","volume":"87","author":"SJ Saouaf","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saouaf SJ, Li B, Zhang G, Shen Y, Furuuchi N, Hancock WW, Greene MI. Deacetylase inhibition increases regulatory T cell function and decreases incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis. Exp Mol Pathol. 2009;87(2):99\u20131043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yexmp.2009.06.003.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"1168_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.12.007","volume":"114","author":"E Nieto-Patl\u00e1n","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nieto-Patl\u00e1n E, Seraf\u00edn-Lopez J, Wong-Baeza I, P\u00e9rez-Tapia SM, Cobos-Mar\u00edn L, Estrada-Parra S, et al. Valproic acid promotes a decrease in mycobacterial survival by enhancing nitric oxide production in macrophages stimulated with IFN-gamma. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2019;114:123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tube.2018.12.007.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1168_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01717-10","volume":"85","author":"A V\u00e1zquez-Calvo","year":"2011","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-Calvo A, Saiz JC, Sobrino F, Mart\u00edn-Acebes MA. Inhibition of enveloped virus infection of cultured cells by valproic acid. J Virol. 2011;85(3):1267\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.01717-10.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1168_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.05.012","volume":"99","author":"\u00c1 V\u00e1zquez-Calvo","year":"2013","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-Calvo \u00c1, Mart\u00edn-Acebes MA, S\u00e1iz JC, Ngo N, Sobrino F, de la Torre JC. Inhibition of multiplication of the prototypic arenavirus LCMV by valproic acid. Antiviral Res. 2013;99(2):172\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.05.012.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"1168_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8091442","volume":"8","author":"M Gil","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gil M, Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez R, V\u00e1zquez-Calvo A, \u00c1lvarez-Guti\u00e9rrez A, Mart\u00edn-Acebes MA, Praena B, et al. Clinical infections by herpesviruses in patients treated with valproic acid: a nested case-control study in the Spanish primary care database, BIFAP. J Clin Med. 2019;8(9):1442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8091442.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1168_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109891","volume":"143","author":"G Unal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Unal G, Turan B, Balcioglu YH. Immunopharmacological management of COVID-19: Potential therapeutic role of valproic acid. Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:109891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109891.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"1168_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173988","volume":"898","author":"B Pitt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pitt B, Sutton NR, Wang Z, Goonewardena SN, Holinstat M. Potential repurposing of the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid for patients with COVID-19. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021;898:173988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173988.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1168_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1177\/2472555220975672","volume":"26","author":"I Naasani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naasani I. COMPARE analysis, a bioinformatic approach to accelerate drug repurposing against Covid-19 and other emerging epidemics. SLAS Discov. 2021;26(3):345\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2472555220975672.","journal-title":"SLAS Discov"},{"key":"1168_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04138-6","author":"S Beyerstedt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beyerstedt S, Casaro EB, Rangel EB. COVID-19: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-020-04138-6.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1168_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0754-0","volume":"14","author":"X Zou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, Han P, Hao J, Han Z. Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Front Med. 2020;14(2):185\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11684-020-0754-0.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1168_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101400","volume":"23","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhang Z, Yang L, Lian X, Xie Y, Li S, et al. The MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 as a candidate binding target of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. iScience. 2020;23(8):101400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101400.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"4","key":"1168_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13116","volume":"158","author":"X Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu X, Fan Z, Chen M, Chen Y, Rong D, Cui Z, et al. Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a mediates interferon-\u03b3-induced MHC II transcription in macrophages. Immunology. 2019;158(4):304\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imm.13116.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"39","key":"1168_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36734","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M101287200","volume":"276","author":"CJ Phiel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Phiel CJ, Zhang F, Huang EY, Guenther MG, Lazar MA, Klein PS. Histone deacetylase is a direct target of valproic acid, a potent anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer, and teratogen. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(39):36734\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M101287200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"1168_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472","volume":"64","author":"N Gurvich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gurvich N, Tsygankova OM, Meinkoth JL, Klein PS. Histone deacetylase is a target of valproic acid-mediated cellular differentiation. Cancer Res. 2004;64(3):1079\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"1168_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-020-00304-2","volume":"34","author":"Y Sixto-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sixto-L\u00f3pez Y, Bello M, Correa-Basurto J. Exploring the inhibitory activity of valproic acid against the HDAC family using an MMGBSA approach. J Comput Aided Mol Des. 2020;34(8):857\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10822-020-00304-2.","journal-title":"J Comput Aided Mol Des"},{"issue":"4","key":"1168_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05985-9","volume":"46","author":"H Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang H, Penninger JM, Li Y, Zhong N, Slutsky AS. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(4):586\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-020-05985-9.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"1168_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa248","volume":"71","author":"C Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Tao Y, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):762\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa248.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1168_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.7326\/L20-0227","volume":"173","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Gao Y, Qiao L, Wang W, Chen D. Inflammatory response cells during acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(5):402\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/L20-0227.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1168_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02339-3","volume":"18","author":"B Fu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fu B, Xu X, Wei H. Why tocilizumab could be an effective treatment for severe COVID-19? J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-020-02339-3.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1168_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(99)02439-7","volume":"857","author":"T Ichiyama","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ichiyama T, Okada K, Lipton JM, Matsubara T, Hayashi T, Furukawa S. Sodium valproate inhibits production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 and activation of NF-kappaB. Brain Res. 2000;857(1\u20132):246\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-8993(99)02439-7.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1168_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1193-6","volume":"15","author":"S Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen S, Ye J, Chen X, Shi J, Wu W, Lin W, et al. Valproic acid attenuates traumatic spinal cord injury-induced inflammation via STAT1 and NF-\u03baB pathway dependent of HDAC3. J Neuroinflammation. 2018;15(1):150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-018-1193-6.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"1168_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-00703-5","volume":"28","author":"IP Trougakos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trougakos IP, Stamatelopoulos K, Terpos E, Tsitsilonis OE, Aivalioti E, Paraskevis D, et al. Insights to SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, pathophysiology, and rationalized treatments that target COVID-19 clinical complications. J Biomed Sci. 2021;28(1):9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12929-020-00703-5.","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"1168_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582003","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.582003","volume":"11","author":"L Teodori","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teodori L, Sestili P, Madiai V, Coppari S, Fraternale D, et al. MicroRNAs bioinformatics analyses identifying HDAC pathway as a putative target for existing anti-COVID-19 therapeutics. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:582003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2020.582003.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1168_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82970-2","volume":"11","author":"Y Takahashi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Takahashi Y, Hayakawa A, Sano R, Fukuda H, Harada M, Kubo R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress ACE2 and ABO simultaneously, suggesting a preventive potential against COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):3379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-82970-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"1168_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.10.013","volume":"13","author":"CB Greer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greer CB, Tanaka Y, Kim YJ, Xie P, Zhang MQ, Park I, et al. Histone deacetylases positively regulate transcription through the elongation machinery. Cell Rep. 2015;13(7):1444\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.10.013.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"23","key":"1168_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.32","volume":"32","author":"YJ Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim YJ, Greer CB, Cecchini KR, Harris LN, Tuck DP, Kim TH. HDAC inhibitors induce transcriptional repression of high copy number genes in breast cancer through elongation blockade. Oncogene. 2013;32(23):2828\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/onc.2013.32.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"7","key":"1168_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20130291","volume":"126","author":"NE Clarke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clarke NE, Belyaev ND, Lambert DW, Turner AJ. Epigenetic regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) by SIRT1 under conditions of cell energy stress. Clin Sci (Lond). 2014;126(7):507\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/CS20130291.","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"11","key":"1168_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111741","volume":"10","author":"I Jang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jang I, Kim EN, Lim JH, Kim MY, Ban TH, Yoon HE, et al. Effects of resveratrol on the renin-angiotensin system in the aging kidney. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10111741.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"1168_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0302-7","volume":"51","author":"IH Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee IH. Mechanisms and disease implications of sirtuin-mediated autophagic regulation. Exp Mol Med. 2019;51(9):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-019-0302-7.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"29","key":"1168_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3764","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.344","volume":"33","author":"L Bosch-Presegu\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bosch-Presegu\u00e9 L, Vaquero A. Sirtuins in stress response: guardians of the genome. Oncogene. 2014;33(29):3764\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/onc.2013.344.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"8","key":"1168_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.026","volume":"184","author":"RJ Mills","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mills RJ, Humphrey SJ, Fortuna PRJ, Lor M, Foster SR, Quaife-Ryan GA, et al. BET inhibition blocks inflammation-induced cardiac dysfunction and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell. 2021;184(8):2167\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.026.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1168_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-9-276","volume":"9","author":"DC Yu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yu DC, Waby JS, Chirakkal H, Staton CA, Corfe BM. Butyrate suppresses expression of neuropilin I in colorectal cell lines through inhibition of Sp1 transactivation. Mol Cancer. 2010;9:276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-4598-9-276.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"1168_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205108","volume":"21","author":"CF Deroanne","year":"2002","unstructured":"Deroanne CF, Bonjean K, Servotte S, Devy L, Colige A, Clausse N, et al. Histone deacetylases inhibitors as anti-angiogenic agents altering vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Oncogene. 2002;21(3):427\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.onc.1205108.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"1168_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.04.037","volume":"76","author":"P Verdecchia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verdecchia P, Cavallini C, Spanevello A, Angeli F. The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Intern Med. 2020;76:14\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.04.037.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"1168_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001","volume":"54","author":"VJ Costela-Ruiz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Costela-Ruiz VJ, Illescas-Montes R, Puerta-Puerta JM, Ruiz C, Melguizo-Rodr\u00edguez L. SARS-CoV-2 infection: the role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020;54:62\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001.","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"1168_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2018.1062","volume":"8","author":"N Mairuae","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mairuae N, Cheepsunthorn P. Valproic acid attenuates nitric oxide and interleukin-1\u03b2 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated iron-rich microglia. Biomed Rep. 2018;8(4):359\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/br.2018.1062.","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"issue":"5535","key":"1168_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062374","volume":"293","author":"LF Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen LF, Fischle W, Verdin E, Greene WC. Duration of nuclear NF-kappaB action regulated by reversible acetylation. Science. 2001;293(5535):1653\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1062374.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"23","key":"1168_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6539","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf660","volume":"21","author":"LF Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen LF, Mu Y, Greene WC. Acetylation of RelA at discrete sites regulates distinct nuclear functions of NF-kappaB. EMBO J. 2002;21(23):6539\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/emboj\/cdf660.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"9","key":"1168_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2010.03.017","volume":"22","author":"B Huang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huang B, Yang XD, Lamb A, Chen LF. Posttranslational modifications of NF-kappaB: another layer of regulation for NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Cell Signal. 2010;22(9):1282\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellsig.2010.03.017.","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"issue":"51","key":"1168_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6717","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209937","volume":"25","author":"ND Perkins","year":"2006","unstructured":"Perkins ND. Post-translational modifications regulating the activity and function of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. Oncogene. 2006;25(51):6717\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.onc.1209937.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"4","key":"1168_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209572200","volume":"278","author":"R Kiernan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kiernan R, Br\u00e8s V, Ng RW, Coudart MP, El Messaoudi S, Sardet C, et al. Post-activation turn-off of NF-kappa B-dependent transcription is regulated by acetylation of p65. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(4):2758\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M209572200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"1168_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601546","volume":"26","author":"H Ishinaga","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ishinaga H, Jono H, Lim JH, Kweon SM, Xu H, Ha UH, et al. TGF-beta induces p65 acetylation to enhance bacteria-induced NF-kappaB activation. EMBO J. 2007;26(4):1150\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601546.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"5","key":"1168_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn003","volume":"36","author":"C Buerki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buerki C, Rothgiesser KM, Valovka T, Owen HR, Rehrauer H, Fey M, et al. Functional relevance of novel p300-mediated lysine 314 and 315 acetylation of RelA\/p65. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008;36(5):1665\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkn003.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1168_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88087","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088087","volume":"9","author":"M Kodiha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kodiha M, Salimi A, Wang YM, Stochaj U. Pharmacological AMP kinase activators target the nucleolar organization and control cell proliferation. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(1):e88087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0088087.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1168_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.03.010","volume":"108","author":"NG Leus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leus NG, van der Wouden PE, van den Bosch T, Hooghiemstra WTR, Ourailidou ME, Kistemaker LE, et al. 3-selective inhibitor RGFP966 demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties in RAW 2647 macrophages and mouse precision-cut lung slices by attenuating NF-\u03baB p65 transcriptional activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 2016;108:58\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.03.010.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1168_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-013-9686-z","volume":"36","author":"MH Ji","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ji MH, Li GM, Jia M, Zhu SH, Gao DP, Fan YX, et al. Valproic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Inflammation. 2013;36(6):1453\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-013-9686-z.","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"1168_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03284.x","volume":"47","author":"D Ding","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ding D, Greenberg ML. Lithium and valproate decrease the membrane phosphatidylinositol\/phosphatidylcholine ratio. Mol Microbiol. 2003;47(2):373\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03284.x.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1168_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00104-06","volume":"6","author":"X Xu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xu X, M\u00fcller-Taubenberger A, Adley KE, Pawolleck N, Lee VW, Wiedemann C, et al. Attenuation of phospholipid signaling provides a novel mechanism for the action of valproic acid. Eukaryot Cell. 2007;6(6):899\u2013906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/EC.00104-06.","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"1168_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.01.009","volume":"214","author":"AJ Crespillo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crespillo AJ, Praena B, Bello-Morales R, Lerma L, V\u00e1zquez-Calvo A, Mart\u00edn-Acebes MA, et al. Inhibition of herpes virus infection in oligodendrocyte cultured cells by valproic acid. Virus Res. 2016;214:71\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.01.009.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1168_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020354","volume":"13","author":"S Pasquereau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pasquereau S, Nehme Z, Haidar Ahmad S, Daouad F, Van Assche J, Wallet C, et al. Resveratrol inhibits HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus replication in vitro. Viruses. 2021;13(2):354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v13020354.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"3","key":"1168_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6916","volume":"35","author":"M Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang M, Wei J, Huang T, Lei L, Shen C, Lai J, et al. Resveratrol inhibits the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in cultured Vero cells. Phytother Res. 2021;35(3):1127\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.6916.","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1168_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/s1535-6108(03)00241-1","volume":"4","author":"DF Stojdl","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stojdl DF, Lichty BD, tenOever BR, Paterson JM, Power AT, Knowles S, et al. VSV strains with defects in their ability to shutdown innate immunity are potent systemic anti-cancer agents. Cancer Cell. 2003;4(4):263\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1535-6108(03)00241-1.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-021-01195-2","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000}}],"container-title":["Clinical Epigenetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13148-021-01168-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13148-021-01168-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13148-021-01168-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T18:03:03Z","timestamp":1637604183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13148-021-01168-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13148-021-01168-5","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1186\/s13148-021-01195-2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1868-7075","1868-7083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-7075","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-7083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2021","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13148-021-01195-2","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13148-021-01195-2","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"187"}}