{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T21:59:00Z","timestamp":1784066340685,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD092374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD092374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3OD023348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32ES007018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32ES007018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Epigenet"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-025-01988-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T13:33:43Z","timestamp":1764077623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis of prenatal medication use and placental epigenetic gestational age in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) highlight relationships to aspirin use during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Katelyn K.","family":"Huff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Bulka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeliyah","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle R.","family":"Roell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Michael","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca C.","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1988_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000537","volume":"44","author":"AY Stanley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stanley AY, Durham CO, Sterrett JJ, Wallace JB. Safety of over-the-counter medications in pregnancy. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2019;44(4):196\u2013205.","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs"},{"issue":"5","key":"1988_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.8974","volume":"328","author":"J Jin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jin J. Safety of medications used during pregnancy. JAMA. 2022;328(5):486.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"1988_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1G428","volume":"40","author":"G Koren","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koren G, Florescu A, Costei AM, Boskovic R, Moretti ME. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs during third trimester and the risk of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus: a meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother. 2006;40(5):824\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"8","key":"1988_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12814","volume":"19","author":"E Black","year":"2019","unstructured":"Black E, Khor KE, Kennedy D, Chutatape A, Sharma S, Vancaillie T, et al. Medication use and pain management in pregnancy: a critical review. Pain Pract. 2019;19(8):875\u201399.","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"1988_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00553-7","volume":"17","author":"AZ Bauer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bauer AZ, Swan SH, Kriebel D, Liew Z, Taylor HS, Bornehag CG, et al. Paracetamol use during pregnancy - a call for precautionary action. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(12):757\u201366.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"1988_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.828089","volume":"10","author":"BH Baker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baker BH, Burris HH, Bloomquist TR, Boivin A, Gillet V, Larouche A, et al. Association of prenatal acetaminophen exposure measured in meconium with adverse birth outcomes in a Canadian birth cohort. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:828089.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1988_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp151","volume":"38","author":"C Rebordosa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rebordosa C, Kogevinas M, Bech BH, S\u00f8rensen HT, Olsen J. Use of acetaminophen during pregnancy and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;38(3):706\u201314.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1988_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.09.006","volume":"228","author":"E Kupka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kupka E, Hesselman S, Hastie R, Lomartire R, Wikstr\u00f6m AK, Bergman L. Low-dose aspirin use in pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth: a Swedish register-based cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;228(3):336\u20131.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"1988_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2021.1903376","volume":"17","author":"EW Olstad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Olstad EW, Nordeng HME, Gervin K. Prenatal medication exposure and epigenetic outcomes: a systematic literature review and recommendations for prenatal pharmacoepigenetic studies. Epigenetics. 2022;17(4):357\u201380.","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1988_CR10","volume":"5","author":"KA Addo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Addo KA, Bulka C, Dhingra R, Santos HP, Smeester L, O\u2019Shea TM, et al. Acetaminophen use during pregnancy and DNA methylation in the placenta of the extremely low gestational age newborn (ELGAN) cohort. Environ Epigenet. 2019;5(2):dvz010.","journal-title":"Environ Epigenet"},{"issue":"10","key":"1988_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R115","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115","volume":"14","author":"S Horvath","year":"2013","unstructured":"Horvath S. DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. Genome Biol. 2013;14(10):R115.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1988_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.10.016","volume":"49","author":"G Hannum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hannum G, Guinney J, Zhao L, Zhang L, Hughes G, Sadda S, et al. Genome-wide methylation profiles reveal quantitative views of human aging rates. Mol Cell. 2013;49(2):359\u201367.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"1988_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100809","volume":"7","author":"ME Levine","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levine ME, Hosgood HD, Chen B, Absher D, Assimes T, Horvath S. DNA methylation age of blood predicts future onset of lung cancer in the women\u2019s health initiative. Aging. 2015;7(9):690\u2013700.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0649-6","volume":"16","author":"S Horvath","year":"2015","unstructured":"Horvath S. Erratum to: DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. Genome Biol. 2015;16(1):96.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1988_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101626","volume":"10","author":"X Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao X, Colicino E, Shen J, Just AC, Nwanaji-Enwerem JC, Wang C, et al. Accelerated DNA methylation age and the use of antihypertensive medication among older adults. Aging. 2018;10(11):3210\u201328.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"11","key":"1988_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14604","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203115","volume":"13","author":"M Kho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kho M, Wang YZ, Chaar D, Zhao W, Ratliff SM, Mosley TH, et al. Accelerated DNA methylation age and medication use among African Americans. Aging. 2021;13(11):14604\u201329.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1063-4","volume":"17","author":"J Bohlin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bohlin J, H\u00e5berg SE, Magnus P, Reese SE, Gjessing HK, Magnus MC, et al. Prediction of gestational age based on genome-wide differentially methylated regions. Genome Biol. 2016;17(1):207.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1068-z","volume":"17","author":"AK Knight","year":"2016","unstructured":"Knight AK, Craig JM, Theda C, B\u00e6kvad-Hansen M, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Hansen CS, et al. An epigenetic clock for gestational age at birth based on blood methylation data. Genome Biol. 2016;17(1):206.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1988_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2016-0103","volume":"9","author":"BT Mayne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mayne BT, Leemaqz SY, Smith AK, Breen J, Roberts CT, Bianco-Miotto T. Accelerated placental aging in early onset preeclampsia pregnancies identified by DNA methylation. Epigenomics. 2017;9(3):279\u201389.","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"issue":"12","key":"1988_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102049","volume":"11","author":"Y Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee Y, Choufani S, Weksberg R, Wilson SL, Yuan V, Burt A, et al. Placental epigenetic clocks: estimating gestational age using placental DNA methylation levels. Aging. 2019;11(12):4238\u201353.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"1988_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2020.1795604","volume":"16","author":"BG McKenna","year":"2021","unstructured":"McKenna BG, Hendrix CL, Brennan PA, Smith AK, Stowe ZN, Newport DJ, et al. Maternal prenatal depression and epigenetic age deceleration: testing potentially confounding effects of prenatal stress and SSRI use. Epigenetics. 2021;16(3):327\u201337.","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"issue":"1663","key":"1988_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140066","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0066","volume":"370","author":"GJ Burton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burton GJ, Fowden AL. The placenta: a multifaceted, transient organ. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015;370(1663):20140066.","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"1988_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.12.002","volume":"104","author":"A Burman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burman A, Garcia-Milian R, Wood M, DeWitt NA, Vasiliou V, Guller S, et al. Acetaminophen attenuates invasion and alters the expression of extracellular matrix enzymes and vascular factors in human first trimester trophoblast cells. Placenta. 2021;104:146\u201360.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-021-01080-y","volume":"13","author":"L Dieckmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dieckmann L, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Kvist T, Lahti J, DeWitt PE, Cruceanu C, et al. Characteristics of epigenetic aging across gestational and perinatal tissues. Clin Epigenetics. 2021;13(1):97.","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR25","volume":"15","author":"F Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang F, Zhou L, Perng W, Marsit CJ, Knight AK, Cardenas A, et al. Evaluation of pediatric epigenetic clocks across multiple tissues. Clin Epigenetics. 2023;15(1):142.","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827619879694","volume":"14","author":"S Lacagnina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lacagnina S. The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Am J Lifestyle Med. 2020;14(1):47\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1988_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2016-0132","volume":"9","author":"E Martin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martin E, Smeester L, Bommarito PA, Grace MR, Boggess K, Kuban K, et al. Sexual epigenetic dimorphism in the human placenta: implications for susceptibility during the prenatal period. Epigenomics. 2017;9(3):267\u201378.","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15743","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95051-1","volume":"11","author":"J Clark","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clark J, Eaves LA, Gaona AR, Santos HP, Smeester L, Bangma JT, et al. Pre-pregnancy BMI-associated miRNA and mRNA expression signatures in the placenta highlight a sexually-dimorphic response to maternal underweight status. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):15743.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"15","key":"1988_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102124","volume":"11","author":"F Tekola-Ayele","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tekola-Ayele F, Workalemahu T, Gorfu G, Shrestha D, Tycko B, Wapner R, et al. Sex differences in the associations of placental epigenetic aging with fetal growth. Aging. 2019;11(15):5412\u201332.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"11","key":"1988_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2009.08.060","volume":"85","author":"TM O\u2019Shea","year":"2009","unstructured":"O\u2019Shea TM, Allred EN, Dammann O, Hirtz D, Kuban KC, Paneth N, et al. The ELGAN study of the brain and related disorders in extremely low gestational age newborns. Early Hum Dev. 2009;85(11):719\u201325.","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"11","key":"1988_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2019.1633865","volume":"14","author":"J Clark","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clark J, Martin E, Bulka CM, Smeester L, Santos HP, O\u2019Shea TM, et al. Associations between placental CpG methylation of metastable epialleles and childhood body mass index across ages one, two and ten in the extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGAN) cohort. Epigenetics. 2019;14(11):1102\u201311.","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"issue":"9","key":"1988_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn202","volume":"168","author":"TF McElrath","year":"2008","unstructured":"McElrath TF, Hecht JL, Dammann O, Boggess K, Onderdonk A, Markenson G, et al. Pregnancy disorders that lead to delivery before the 28th week of gestation: an epidemiologic approach to classification. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168(9):980\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.05.044","volume":"198","author":"AB Onderdonk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Onderdonk AB, Delaney ML, DuBois AM, Allred EN, Leviton A. Investigators ELGANES detection of bacteria in placental tissues obtained from extremely low gestational age neonates. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198(1):110-e1.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1988_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193271","volume":"13","author":"SK Tilley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tilley SK, Martin EM, Smeester L, Joseph RM, Kuban KCK, Heeren TC, et al. Placental CpG methylation of infants born extremely preterm predicts cognitive impairment later in life. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(3):e0193271.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"1988_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2019.1614743","volume":"14","author":"HP Santos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santos HP, Bhattacharya A, Martin EM, Addo K, Psioda M, Smeester L, et al. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation in placentas from preterm infants: association with maternal socioeconomic status. Epigenetics. 2019;14(8):751\u201365.","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1988_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2011.07.007","volume":"98","author":"M Bibikova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bibikova M, Barnes B, Tsan C, Ho V, Klotzle B, Le JM, et al. High density DNA methylation array with single CpG site resolution. Genomics. 2011;98(4):288\u201395.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"issue":"7","key":"1988_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt090","volume":"41","author":"TJ Triche","year":"2013","unstructured":"Triche TJ, Weisenberger DJ, Van Den Berg D, Laird PW, Siegmund KD. Low-level processing of Illumina Infinium DNA methylation beadarrays. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41(7):e90.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1988_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw691","volume":"33","author":"JP Fortin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fortin JP, Triche TJ, Hansen KD. Preprocessing, normalization and integration of the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC array with minfi. Bioinformatics. 2017;33(4):558\u201360.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj037","volume":"8","author":"WE Johnson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johnson WE, Li C, Rabinovic A. Adjusting batch effects in microarray expression data using empirical Bayes methods. Biostatistics. 2007;8(1):118\u201327.","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"issue":"6","key":"1988_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts034","volume":"28","author":"JT Leek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leek JT, Johnson WE, Parker HS, Jaffe AE, Storey JD. The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation in high-throughput experiments. Bioinformatics. 2012;28(6):882\u20133.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"1988_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2022.2125717","volume":"17","author":"J Clark","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clark J, Bulka CM, Martin CL, Roell K, Santos HP, O\u2019Shea TM, et al. Placental epigenetic gestational aging in relation to maternal sociodemographic factors and smoking among infants born extremely preterm: a descriptive study. Epigenetics. 2022;17:1\u201315.","journal-title":"Epigenetics."},{"issue":"6","key":"1988_CR42","first-page":"1887","volume":"45","author":"J Textor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Textor J, van der Zander B, Gilthorpe MS, Liskiewicz M, Ellison GT. Robust causal inference using directed acyclic graphs: the R package \u2018dagitty.\u2019 Int J Epidemiol. 2016;45(6):1887\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1988_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5407","volume":"31","author":"R Sendor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sendor R, St\u00fcrmer T. Core concepts in pharmacoepidemiology: confounding by indication and the role of active comparators. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022;31(3):261\u20139.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-07186-6","volume":"22","author":"V Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan V, Hui D, Yin Y, Pe\u00f1aherrera MS, Beristain AG, Robinson WP. Cell-specific characterization of the placental methylome. BMC Genomics. 2021;22(1):6.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Ser B Stat Methodol. 1995;57(1):289\u2013300.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B Stat Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-021-01055-z","volume":"13","author":"KL Haftorn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haftorn KL, Lee Y, Denault WRP, Page CM, Nustad HE, Lyle R, et al. An EPIC predictor of gestational age and its application to newborns conceived by assisted reproductive technologies. Clin Epigenetics. 2021;13(1):82.","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1988_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy321","volume":"28","author":"S Choufani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choufani S, Turinsky AL, Melamed N, Greenblatt E, Brudno M, Berard A, et al. Impact of assisted reproduction, infertility, sex and paternal factors on the placental DNA methylome. Hum Mol Genet. 2019;28(3):372\u201385.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"1988_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2021.100505","volume":"21","author":"M Xiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiang M, Chen S, Zhang X, Ma Y. Placental diseases associated with assisted reproductive technology. Reprod Biol. 2021;21(2):100505.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-00956-9","volume":"12","author":"F Noreen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Noreen F, Chaber-Ciopinska A, Regula J, Sch\u00e4r P, Truninger K. Longitudinal analysis of healthy colon establishes aspirin as a suppressor of cancer-related epigenetic aging. Clin Epigenetics. 2020;12(1):164.","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"key":"1988_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17448","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X, Milosavljevic A, Elsea SH, Wang CC, Scaglia F, Syngelaki A, et al. Effective aspirin treatment of women at risk for preeclampsia delays the metabolic clock of gestation. Hypertension. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17448.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1988_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00261","volume":"8","author":"AP Cadavid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cadavid AP. Aspirin: the mechanism of action revisited in the context of pregnancy complications. Front Immunol. 2017;8:261.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2S","key":"1988_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.08.045","volume":"226","author":"DL Rolnik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rolnik DL, Nicolaides KH, Poon LC. Prevention of preeclampsia with aspirin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226(2S):S1108\u201319.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002708","volume":"132","author":"ACOG","year":"2018","unstructured":"ACOG. Committee opinion no. 743: low-dose aspirin use during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(1):e44\u201352.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1988_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.0672","volume":"6","author":"C Ladd-Acosta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ladd-Acosta C, Vang E, Barrett ES, Bulka CM, Bush NR, Cardenas A, et al. Analysis of pregnancy complications and epigenetic gestational age of newborns. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(2):e230672.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"1988_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4267","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2265","volume":"90","author":"WT Schaiff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schaiff WT, Bildirici I, Cheong M, Chern PL, Nelson DM, Sadovsky Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoid X receptor signaling regulate fatty acid uptake by primary human placental trophoblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(7):4267\u201375.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"1988_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4504","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.10.8448","volume":"142","author":"A Tarrade","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tarrade A, Schoonjans K, Guibourdenche J, Bidart JM, Vidaud M, Auwerx J, et al. PPAR gamma\/RXR alpha heterodimers are involved in human CG beta synthesis and human trophoblast differentiation. Endocrinology. 2001;142(10):4504\u201314.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1988_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136985","author":"SW Walsh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Walsh SW, Strauss JF. The road to low-dose aspirin therapy for the prevention of preeclampsia began with the placenta. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22136985.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1988_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184370","author":"S Dutta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dutta S, Kumar S, Hyett J, Salomon C. Molecular targets of aspirin and prevention of preeclampsia and their potential association with circulating extracellular vesicles during pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20184370.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1988_CR59","volume":"14","author":"H Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou H, Zhao C, Wang P, Yang W, Zhu H, Zhang S. Regulators involved in trophoblast syncytialization in the placenta of intrauterine growth restriction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1107182.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"8","key":"1988_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E14-07-1243","volume":"26","author":"D Rajamanoharan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rajamanoharan D, McCue HV, Burgoyne RD, Haynes LP. Modulation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate levels by CaBP7 controls cytokinesis in mammalian cells. Mol Biol Cell. 2015;26(8):1428\u201339.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2021.1894059","volume":"18","author":"J Fielden","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fielden J, Popovi\u0107 M, Ramadan K. TEX264 at the intersection of autophagy and DNA repair. Autophagy. 2022;18(1):40\u20139.","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"5","key":"1988_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.03.033","volume":"74","author":"H Chino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chino H, Hatta T, Natsume T, Mizushima N. Intrinsically disordered protein TEX264 mediates ER-phagy. Mol Cell. 2019;74(5):909-21.e6.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"1988_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.637594","volume":"11","author":"L Carvajal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carvajal L, Guti\u00e9rrez J, Morselli E, Leiva A. Autophagy process in trophoblast cells invasion and differentiation: similitude and differences with cancer cells. Front Oncol. 2021;11:637594.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1988_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1556\/2060.2020.00029","volume":"107","author":"J Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen J, Wang L, Liu WH, Shi J, Zhong Y, Liu SJ, et al. Aspirin protects human coronary artery endothelial cells by inducing autophagy. Physiol Int. 2020;107(2):294\u2013305.","journal-title":"Physiol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-020-00365-0","volume":"6","author":"F Castoldi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Castoldi F, Humeau J, Martins I, Lachkar S, Loew D, Dingli F, et al. Autophagy-mediated metabolic effects of aspirin. Cell Death Discov. 2020;6(1):129.","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"1988_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2022.07.013","volume":"127","author":"M Aguilera-Olgu\u00edn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aguilera-Olgu\u00edn M, Leiva A. The LDL receptor: traffic and function in trophoblast cells under normal and pathological conditions. Placenta. 2022;127:12\u20139.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"1988_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01027","volume":"9","author":"W Chatuphonprasert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chatuphonprasert W, Jarukamjorn K, Ellinger I. Physiology and pathophysiology of steroid biosynthesis, transport and metabolism in the human placenta. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:1027.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1988_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E476","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00547.2005","volume":"292","author":"C Wadsack","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wadsack C, Tabano S, Maier A, Hiden U, Alvino G, Cozzi V, et al. Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with alterations in placental lipoprotein receptors and maternal lipoprotein composition. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;292(2):E476\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-016-0365-6","volume":"15","author":"U Pecks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pecks U, Rath W, Maass N, Berger B, Lueg I, Farrokh A, et al. Fetal gender and gestational age differentially affect PCSK9 levels in intrauterine growth restriction. Lipids Health Dis. 2016;15(1):193.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"1988_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.744597","volume":"14","author":"AS Vall\u00e9s","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vall\u00e9s AS, Barrantes FJ. Dysregulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-cholesterol crosstalk in autism spectrum disorder. Front Mol Neurosci. 2021;14:744597.","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"1988_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.972033","volume":"13","author":"D Bakalar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bakalar D, O\u2019Reilly JJ, Lacaille H, Salzbank J, Ellegood J, Lerch JP, et al. Lack of placental neurosteroid alters cortical development and female somatosensory function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:972033.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1988_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2012.763","volume":"5","author":"O Koukoura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koukoura O, Sifakis S, Spandidos DA. DNA methylation in the human placenta and fetal growth (review). Mol Med Rep. 2012;5(4):883\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36019-9","volume":"14","author":"S Andrews","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andrews S, Krueger C, Mellado-Lopez M, Hemberger M, Dean W, Perez-Garcia V, et al. Mechanisms and function of de novo DNA methylation in placental development reveals an essential role for DNMT3B. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):371.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"1988_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08483","volume":"69","author":"Y Jia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jia Y, Li T, Huang X, Xu X, Zhou X, Jia L, et al. Dysregulated DNA methyltransferase 3A upregulates IGFBP5 to suppress trophoblast cell migration and invasion in preeclampsia. Hypertension. 2017;69(2):356\u201366.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6650","volume":"16","author":"H Gu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gu H, Gao J, Guo W, Zhou Y, Kong Q. The expression of DNA methyltransferases3A is specifically downregulated in chorionic villi of early embryo growth arrest cases. Mol Med Rep. 2017;16(1):591\u20136.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"23","key":"1988_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24057","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202251","volume":"12","author":"I Yusipov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yusipov I, Bacalini MG, Kalyakulina A, Krivonosov M, Pirazzini C, Gensous N, et al. Age-related DNA methylation changes are sex-specific: a comprehensive assessment. Aging. 2020;12(23):24057\u201380.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"1988_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126386","author":"AS Meakin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meakin AS, Cuffe JSM, Darby JRT, Morrison JL, Clifton VL. Let\u2019s talk about placental sex, baby: understanding mechanisms that drive female- and male-specific fetal growth and developmental outcomes. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22126386.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1988_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-023-01662-7","volume":"21","author":"HP Santos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Santos HP, Enggasser AE, Clark J, Roell K, Zhabotynsky V, Gower WA, et al. Sexually dimorphic methylation patterns characterize the placenta and blood from extremely preterm newborns. BMC Biol. 2023;21(1):173.","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1988_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158807","volume":"11","author":"PE Verburg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verburg PE, Tucker G, Scheil W, Erwich JJ, Dekker GA, Roberts CT. Sexual dimorphism in adverse pregnancy outcomes - a retrospective Australian population study 1981\u20132011. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(7):e0158807.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Clinical Epigenetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13148-025-01988-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13148-025-01988-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13148-025-01988-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T19:02:26Z","timestamp":1767466946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13148-025-01988-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13148-025-01988-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-7083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-7083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Local Institutional Review Boards at each of the 14 participating ELGAN sites reviewed and approved all study protocols. Mothers provided informed consent after hospital admission before or shortly following delivery. All datasets accessed in the present study were de-identified.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5"}}