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Recent evidence suggests that Notch signaling is affected by AD and other brain diseases. Melatonin exerts beneficial effects on many aspects of AD and may protect against myocardial ischemia via Notch1 signaling regulation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the Notch1 signaling pathway is involved in the neuroprotective role of melatonin against soluble A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An AD rat model was established via repeated intracerebroventricular administration of soluble A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub>. Melatonin treatment was administered 24\u00a0hours prior to A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub> administration via an intraperitoneal injection. The effects of melatonin on spatial learning and memory, synaptic plasticity, and astrogliosis were investigated. The expression of several Notch1 signaling components, including Notch1, the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), Hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1, a downstream effector of Notch), and Musashi1 (a positive regulator of Notch), were examined using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. In\u00a0vitro studies were conducted to determine whether the melatonin-mediated protection against A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub> was inhibited by DAPT, an inhibitor of Notch signaling.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Melatonin improved the A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub>-induced impairment in spatial learning and memory, attenuated synaptic dysfunction, and reduced astrogliosis. Melatonin also ameliorated the effects of A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub> on Notch1, NICD, Hes1, and Musashi1. The in\u00a0vitro studies demonstrated that DAPT effectively blocked the neuroprotective effect of melatonin against A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These findings suggest that melatonin may improve the soluble A\u03b2<jats:sub>1\u201342<\/jats:sub>-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory, synaptic plasticity, and astrogliosis via the Musashi1\/Notch1\/Hes1 signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-016-0206-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]],"date-time":"2016-09-15T00:57:48Z","timestamp":1473901068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Protective effect of melatonin on soluble A\u03b21\u201342-induced memory impairment, astrogliosis, and synaptic dysfunction via the Musashi1\/Notch1\/Hes1 signaling pathway in the rat hippocampus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shuman","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunli","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"206_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61349-9","volume":"377","author":"C Ballard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ballard C, Gauthier S, Corbett A, Brayne C, Aarsland D, Jones E. 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