{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:56:19Z","timestamp":1792626979186,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alz Res Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study examined the usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels as a candidate biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), PD with dementia (PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We performed a systematic search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar to find studies that measured CSF NSE levels in AD, PD, DLB, and\/or MSA. For each disease, we pooled all available data and performed a meta-analysis, and meta-regression analyses of age and sex were conducted if the main analysis found a significant association.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Twenty studies were included (13 for AD, 8 for PD\/PDD\/DLB, and 4 for MSA). Significantly elevated CSF NSE levels were detected in AD (Hedges\u2019 <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> = 0.822, 95% confidence interval [<jats:italic>95% CI<\/jats:italic>] 0.332 to 1.311, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0010), but the data exhibited high heterogeneity (<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 88.43%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The meta-regression analysis of AD showed that age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), but not sex, had a significant effect on CSF NSE levels. A meta-analysis of the pooled data for PD\/PDD\/DLB did not show any significant changes in the CSF NSE level, but a sub-group analysis of PDD\/DLB revealed significantly elevated CSF NSE levels (Hedges\u2019 <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> = 0.507, <jats:italic>95% CI<\/jats:italic> 0.020 to 0.993, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0412). No significant changes in CSF NSE levels were detected in MSA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The CSF NSE level may be a useful biomarker of neurodegeneration in AD and PDD\/DLB. Age was found to affect the CSF NSE levels of AD patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00907-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T15:39:36Z","timestamp":1633448376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Meta-analysis of cerebrospinal fluid neuron-specific enolase levels in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0886-5231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Katayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kae","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Yahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Hasebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"907_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(88)90306-3","volume":"177","author":"C Jacobi","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jacobi C, Reiber H. 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