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Overlapping symptom profiles observed in cognitive disorders, psychiatric disorders, and environmental exposures (e.g., head injury) can complicate the detection of early signs of ADRD. The interplay between PTSD, head injury, subjective (self-reported) cognitive concerns and genetic risk for ADRD is also not well understood, particularly in diverse ancestry groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using data from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)\u00a0Million Veteran Program (MVP), we examined the relationship between dementia risk factors (<jats:italic>APOE \u03b54<\/jats:italic>, PTSD, TBI) and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) measured in individuals of European (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009140,921), African (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915,788), and Hispanic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098,064) ancestry (EA, AA, and HA, respectively). We then used data from the VA electronic medical record to perform a retrospective survival analysis evaluating PTSD, TBI, <jats:italic>APOE \u03b54,<\/jats:italic> and SCC and their associations with risk of conversion to ADRD in Veterans aged 65 and older.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PTSD symptoms (B\u2009=\u20090.50\u20130.52, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20091E-250) and probable TBI (B\u2009=\u20090.05\u20130.19, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.51E-07 \u2013 0.002) were positively associated with SCC across all three ancestry groups. <jats:italic>APOE \u03b54<\/jats:italic> was associated with greater SCC in EA Veterans aged 65 and older (B\u2009=\u20090.037, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.88E-12). Results of Cox models indicated that PTSD symptoms (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20091.13\u20131.21), <jats:italic>APOE \u03b54<\/jats:italic> (HR\u2009=\u20091.73\u20132.05) and SCC (HR\u2009=\u20091.18\u20131.37) were positively associated with risk for ADRD across all three ancestry groups. In the EA group, probable TBI also contributed to increased risk of ADRD (HR\u2009=\u20091.18).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The findings underscore the value of SCC as an indicator of ADRD risk in Veterans 65 and older when considered in conjunction with other influential genetic, clinical, and demographic risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01512-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T14:04:34Z","timestamp":1719842674000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Subjective cognitive concerns, APOE \u03b54, PTSD symptoms, and risk for dementia among older veterans"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zoe E.","family":"Neale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Fonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika J.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Sherva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Merritt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Panizzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Hauger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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