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Early detection and intervention are crucial for enhancing the quality of life of patients and their families. Remote Monitoring Technologies (RMTs) offer a promising solution for early detection by tracking changes in behavioral and cognitive functions, such as memory, language, and problem-solving skills. Timely detection of these symptoms can facilitate early intervention, potentially slowing disease progression and enabling appropriate treatment and care.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The RADAR-AD study was designed to evaluate the accuracy and validity of multiple RMTs in detecting functional decline across various stages of AD in a real-world setting, compared to standard clinical rating scales. Our approach involved a univariate analysis using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to analyze individual features of six RMTs while adjusting for variables such as age, sex, years of education, clinical site, BMI and season. Additionally, we employed four machine learning classifiers \u2013 Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost \u2013 using a nested cross-validation approach to assess the discriminatory capabilities of the RMTs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The ANCOVA results indicated significant differences between healthy and AD subjects regarding reduced physical activity, less REM sleep, altered gait patterns, and decreased cognitive functioning. The machine-learning-based analysis demonstrated that RMT-based models could identify subjects in the prodromal stage with an Area Under the ROC Curve of 73.0\u00a0%. In addition, our findings show that the Amsterdam iADL questionnaire has high discriminatory abilities.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>RMTs show promise in AD detection already in the prodromal stage. Using them could allow for earlier detection and intervention, thereby improving patients\u2019 quality of life. Furthermore, the Amsterdam iADL questionnaire holds high potential when employed remotely.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01675-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T03:49:22Z","timestamp":1737949762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["RADAR-AD: assessment of multiple remote monitoring technologies for early detection of Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Lentzen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Vairavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijn","family":"Muurling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasilis","family":"Alepopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alankar","family":"Atreya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merce","family":"Boada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casper","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Curcic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Frisoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Galluzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha Therese","family":"Gjestsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Gkioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Grammatikopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucrezia","family":"Hausner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Hinds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioulietta","family":"Lazarou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"de Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spiros","family":"Nikolopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Religa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Scebba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Jelle\u00a0Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayle","family":"Wittenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaibhav\u00a0A.","family":"Narayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neva","family":"Coello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Katharine","family":"Brem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dag","family":"Aarsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Fr\u00f6hlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of RADAR-AD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10284","key":"1675_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4","volume":"397","author":"P Scheltens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scheltens P, Strooper BD, Kivipelto M, Holstege H, Ch\u00e9telat G, Teunissen CE, et al. 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All participants and their informants provided written informed consent prior to any study procedures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Authors AA, AKB, AM, CH, DR, GF, GW, HF, IL, LH, MGk, MGr, ML, MTG, PC, SN, VA, and VN declare no financial or non-financial competing interests. DA has received research support and\/ or honoraria from Astra-Zeneca, H. Lundbeck, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Evonik, Roche Diagnostics, and GE Health, and served as paid consultant for H. Lundbeck, Eisai, Heptares, Mentis Cura, Eli Lilly, Cognetivity, Enterin, Acadia, EIP Pharma, and Biogen. JC is an employee and a shareholder of Novartis. GS is an employee of Novartis. NC is employed by Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. Research of Alzheimer center Amsterdam (MM, CB) is part of the neurodegeneration research program of Amsterdam Neuroscience. Alzheimer Center Amsterdam is supported by Stichting Alzheimer Nederland and Stichting Steun Alzheimercentrum Amsterdam. MB is an employee of the Ace Alzheimer Center and an advisory board member for Grifols, Roche, Eli Lilly, Araclon Biotech, Merck, Zambon, Biogen, Novo Nordisk, Bioiberica, Eisai, Servier, and Schwabe Pharma. SG declares support for this work through the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente). GW and SV are employees and shareholders of Johnson & Johnson.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"29"}}