{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:27:49Z","timestamp":1792549669061,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002565","name":"ADDF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002565","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alz Res Therapy"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-026-01979-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T02:16:05Z","timestamp":1770344165000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Real-world diagnostic performance of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: robust performance except after stroke and high charlson comorbidity index"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sinthujah","family":"Vigneswaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge M.W.","family":"Verberk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca Z.","family":"Rousset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Gouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calvin","family":"Trieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Claessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsmarieke van","family":"de Giessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afina W.","family":"Lemstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolande A.L.","family":"Pijnenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiesje M. van der","family":"Flier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Teunissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Argonde C. van","family":"Harten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1979_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005","volume":"7","author":"GM McKhann","year":"2011","unstructured":"McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, Hyman BT, Jack CR Jr., Kawas CH, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to alzheimer\u2019s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):263\u20139.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"8","key":"1979_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13859","volume":"20","author":"CR Jack Jr","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jack CR Jr., Andrews JS, Beach TG, Buracchio T, Dunn B, Graf A, et al. Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of alzheimer\u2019s disease: alzheimer\u2019s association workgroup. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20(8):5143\u201369.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"5","key":"1979_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02275-6","volume":"141","author":"NJ Ashton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashton NJ, Pascoal TA, Karikari TK, Benedet AL, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Brinkmalm G, et al. Plasma p-tau231: a new biomarker for incipient alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology. Acta Neuropathol. 2021;141(5):709\u201324.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1979_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barth\u00e9lemy NR, Horie K, Sato C, Bateman RJ. Blood plasma phosphorylated-tau isoforms track CNS change in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Exp Med. 2020;217(11):e20200861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20200861.","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200861"},{"issue":"8","key":"1979_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12301","volume":"17","author":"AM Brickman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brickman AM, Manly JJ, Honig LS, Sanchez D, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Lantigua RA, et al. Plasma p-tau181, p-tau217, and other blood-based alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers in a multi-ethnic, community study. Alzheimers Dement. 2021;17(8):1353\u201364.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"7","key":"1979_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00070-3","volume":"15","author":"B Olsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Olsson B, Lautner R, Andreasson U, Ohrfelt A, Portelius E, Bjerke M, et al. CSF and blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(7):673\u201384.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1979_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.06.2266","volume":"13","author":"V Ovod","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ovod V, Ramsey KN, Mawuenyega KG, Bollinger JG, Hicks T, Schneider T, et al. Amyloid beta concentrations and stable isotope labeling kinetics of human plasma specific to central nervous system amyloidosis. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;13(8):841\u20139.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"8","key":"1979_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12134","volume":"324","author":"S Palmqvist","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palmqvist S, Janelidze S, Quiroz YT, Zetterberg H, Lopera F, Stomrud E, et al. Discriminative accuracy of plasma Phospho-tau217 for alzheimer disease vs other neurodegenerative disorders. JAMA. 2020;324(8):772\u201381.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"17","key":"1979_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1647","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008081","volume":"93","author":"SE Schindler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schindler SE, Bollinger JG, Ovod V, Mawuenyega KG, Li Y, Gordon BA, et al. High-precision plasma beta-amyloid 42\/40 predicts current and future brain amyloidosis. Neurology. 2019;93(17):e1647\u201359.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1979_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12466","volume":"18","author":"JA Syrjanen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Syrjanen JA, Campbell MR, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Vemuri P, Graff-Radford J, Machulda MM, et al. Associations of amyloid and neurodegeneration plasma biomarkers with comorbidities. Alzheimers Dement. 2022;18(6):1128\u201340.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"14","key":"1979_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1402","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207675","volume":"101","author":"VK Ramanan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramanan VK, Graff-Radford J, Syrjanen J, Shir D, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Lucas J, et al. Association of plasma biomarkers of alzheimer disease with cognition and medical comorbidities in a biracial cohort. Neurology. 2023;101(14):e1402\u201311.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1979_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12787","volume":"19","author":"A Pichet Binette","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pichet Binette A, Janelidze S, Cullen N, Dage JL, Bateman RJ, Zetterberg H, et al. Confounding factors of alzheimer\u2019s disease plasma biomarkers and their impact on clinical performance. Alzheimers Dement. 2023;19(4):1403\u201314.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"1979_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01401-2","volume":"16","author":"J Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu J, Xiao Z, Wang M, Wu W, Ma X, Liang X, et al. The impact of kidney function on plasma neurofilament light and phospho-tau 181 in a community-based cohort: the Shanghai aging study. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2024;16(1):32.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1979_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2252387","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.52387","volume":"6","author":"H Stocker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stocker H, Beyer L, Trares K, Perna L, Rujescu D, Holleczek B, et al. Association of kidney function with development of alzheimer disease and other dementias and Dementia-Related blood biomarkers. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(1):e2252387.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"1979_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01822-2","volume":"28","author":"MM Mielke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mielke MM, Dage JL, Frank RD, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Knopman DS, Lowe VJ, et al. Performance of plasma phosphorylated Tau 181 and 217 in the community. Nat Med. 2022;28(7):1398\u2013405.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1979_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150510","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1150510","volume":"15","author":"B Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang B, Zhang C, Wang Y, Chen L, Qiao Y, Wang Y, et al. Effect of renal function on the diagnostic performance of plasma biomarkers for alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2023;15:1150510.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"1979_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"KM Hayden","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hayden KM, Mielke MM, Evans JK, Neiberg R, Molina-Henry D, Culkin M, et al. Association between modifiable risk factors and levels of Blood-Based biomarkers of alzheimer\u2019s and related dementias in the look AHEAD cohort. JAR Life. 2024;13:1\u201321.","journal-title":"JAR Life"},{"key":"1979_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoost SS, Brickman AM, Manly JJ, Honig LS, Gu Y, Sanchez D, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Lantigua RA, Kang MS, Dage JL, Mayeux R. Effects of vascular risk factors on the association of blood-based biomarkers with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Med Res Arch. 2023;11(9):4468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18103\/mra.v11i9.4468.","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v11i9.4468"},{"key":"1979_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Verberk IMW, Jutte J, Kingma MY, Vigneswaran S, Gouda MMTEE, van Engelen MP, Alcolea D, Arranz J, Fortea J, Lle\u00f3 A, Chevalier C, Marizzoni M, van de Giessen EM, Lemstra AW, Pijnenburg YAL, van der Flier WM, den Braber A, Wilson D, Schut MC, van Harten AC, Teunissen CE. Development of thresholds and a visualization tool for use of a blood test in routine clinical dementia practice. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20(9):6115\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.14088.","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14088"},{"key":"1979_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van der Flier WM, Pijnenburg YA, Prins N, Lemstra AW, Bouwman FH, Teunissen CE, van Berckel BN, Stam CJ, Barkhof F, Visser PJ, van Egmond E, Scheltens P. Optimizing patient care and research: the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;41(1):313\u2009\u2013\u200927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-132306. PMID: 24614907.","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-132306"},{"issue":"3","key":"1979_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170850","volume":"62","author":"WM van der Flier","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Flier WM, Scheltens P. Amsterdam dementia cohort: performing research to optimize care. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;62(3):1091\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-170850.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1979_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008","volume":"7","author":"MS Albert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to alzheimer\u2019s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):270\u20139.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"1979_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004058","volume":"89","author":"IG McKeith","year":"2017","unstructured":"McKeith IG, Boeve BF, Dickson DW, Halliday G, Taylor JP, Weintraub D, et al. Diagnosis and management of dementia with lewy bodies: fourth consensus report of the DLB consortium. Neurology. 2017;89(1):88\u2013100.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1979_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1159\/000112852","volume":"25","author":"YA Pijnenburg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pijnenburg YA, Mulder JL, van Swieten JC, Uitdehaag BM, Stevens M, Scheltens P, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of consensus diagnostic criteria for frontotemporal dementia in a memory clinic population. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2008;25(2):157\u201364.","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1979_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.01.001","volume":"10","author":"F Jessen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jessen F, Amariglio RE, van Boxtel M, Breteler M, Ceccaldi M, Chetelat G, et al. A conceptual framework for research on subjective cognitive decline in preclinical alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10(6):844\u201352.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"22","key":"1979_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c47cc2","volume":"73","author":"CE Teunissen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Teunissen CE, Petzold A, Bennett JL, Berven FS, Brundin L, Comabella M, et al. A consensus protocol for the standardization of cerebrospinal fluid collection and biobanking. Neurology. 2009;73(22):1914\u201322.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1979_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2017.281055","volume":"64","author":"BM Tijms","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tijms BM, Willemse EAJ, Zwan MD, Mulder SD, Visser PJ, van Berckel BNM, et al. Unbiased approach to counteract upward drift in cerebrospinal fluid Amyloid-beta 1\u201342 analysis results. Clin Chem. 2018;64(3):576\u201385.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1979_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12182","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12182","volume":"13","author":"EAJ Willemse","year":"2021","unstructured":"Willemse EAJ, Tijms BM, van Berckel BNM, Le Bastard N, van der Flier WM, Scheltens P, et al. Comparing CSF amyloid-beta biomarker ratios for two automated immunoassays, Elecsys and Lumipulse, with amyloid PET status. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2021;13(1):e12182.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"1979_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2017.04.007","volume":"8","author":"S Engelborghs","year":"2017","unstructured":"Engelborghs S, Niemantsverdriet E, Struyfs H, Blennow K, Brouns R, Comabella M, et al. Consensus guidelines for lumbar puncture in patients with neurological diseases. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2017;8:111\u201326.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"issue":"9","key":"1979_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","volume":"150","author":"AS Levey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro AF 3rd, Feldman HI, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(9):604\u201312.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1979_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr003","volume":"26","author":"JA van den Brand","year":"2011","unstructured":"van den Brand JA, van Boekel GA, Willems HL, Kiemeney LA, den Heijer M, Wetzels JF. Introduction of the CKD-EPI equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate in a Caucasian population. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2011;26(10):3176\u201381.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"issue":"5","key":"1979_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","volume":"40","author":"ME Charlson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373\u201383.","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1979_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq433","volume":"173","author":"H Quan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Quan H, Li B, Couris CM, Fushimi K, Graham P, Hider P, et al. Updating and validating the Charlson comorbidity index and score for risk adjustment in hospital discharge abstracts using data from 6 countries. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173(6):676\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1979_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304588","volume":"100","author":"D Radovanovic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Radovanovic D, Seifert B, Urban P, Eberli FR, Rickli H, Bertel O, et al. Validity of Charlson comorbidity index in patients hospitalised with acute coronary syndrome. Insights from the nationwide AMIS plus registry 2002\u20132012. Heart. 2014;100(4):288\u201394.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"11","key":"1979_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90129-5","volume":"47","author":"M Charlson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Charlson M, Szatrowski TP, Peterson J, Gold J. Validation of a combined comorbidity index. J Clin Epidemiol. 1994;47(11):1245\u201351.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1979_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0159-6","volume":"16","author":"PH Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee PH, Burstyn I. Identification of confounder in epidemiologic data contaminated by measurement error in covariates. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2016;16:54.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1979_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1177\/09622802211034219","volume":"30","author":"D Talbot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Talbot D, Diop A, Lavigne-Robichaud M, Brisson C. The change in estimate method for selecting confounders: A simulation study. Stat Methods Med Res. 2021;30(9):2032\u201344.","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"1979_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7501","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S342097","volume":"14","author":"L Amalia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amalia L. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP): neuroinflammation biomarker in acute ischemic stroke. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:7501\u20136.","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"1979_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.018409","volume":"48","author":"AH Katsanos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Katsanos AH, Makris K, Stefani D, Koniari K, Gialouri E, Lelekis M, et al. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein in the differential diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2017;48(9):2586\u20138.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"1979_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.09.004","volume":"16","author":"FM Elahi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elahi FM, Casaletto KB, La Joie R, Walters SM, Harvey D, Wolf A, et al. Plasma biomarkers of astrocytic and neuronal dysfunction in early- and late-onset alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2020;16(4):681\u201395.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"1979_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.10.001","volume":"163\u2013164","author":"X Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang X, Andjelkovic AV, Zhu L, Yang T, Bennett MVL, Chen J, et al. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and recovery after ischemic stroke. Prog Neurobiol. 2018;163\u2013164:144\u201371.","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1979_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000020017.84398.61","volume":"90","author":"GR De Meyer","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Meyer GR, De Cleen DM, Cooper S, Knaapen MW, Jans DM, Martinet W, et al. Platelet phagocytosis and processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein as a mechanism of macrophage activation in atherosclerosis. Circ Res. 2002;90(11):1197\u2013204.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"1979_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.01.038","volume":"77","author":"D Bos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bos D, Arshi B, van den Bouwhuijsen QJA, Ikram MK, Selwaness M, Vernooij MW, et al. Atherosclerotic carotid plaque composition and incident stroke and coronary events. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(11):1426\u201335.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1979_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.04.007","volume":"43","author":"I Fischer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fischer I, Baas PW. Resurrecting the mysteries of big Tau. Trends Neurosci. 2020;43(7):493\u2013504.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1979_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150859","volume":"51","author":"BN Dugger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dugger BN, Whiteside CM, Maarouf CL, Walker DG, Beach TG, Sue LI, et al. The presence of select Tau species in human peripheral tissues and their relation to alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;51(2):345\u201356.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1979_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18632","volume":"72","author":"S Halloway","year":"2024","unstructured":"Halloway S, Evans DA, Desai P, Dhana K, Beck T, Rajan KB. Serum total tau, neurofilament light, and glial fibrillary acidic protein are associated with mortality in a population study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2024;72(1):149\u201359.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"1979_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.608257","volume":"42","author":"Y Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang Y, Rosenberg GA. Blood-brain barrier breakdown in acute and chronic cerebrovascular disease. Stroke. 2011;42(11):3323\u20138.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"19","key":"1979_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e041834","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.125.041834","volume":"14","author":"RSJ Goh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Goh RSJ, Koh J, Utami Intaran MA, Chin Y, Kong G, Chong B, et al. Population-Based study on the coexistence of metabolic Dysfunction-Associated steatotic liver disease and chronic kidney disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14(19):e041834.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1979_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200541","volume":"78","author":"J de Oliveira","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Oliveira J, Engel DF, de Paula GC, Dos Santos DB, Lopes JB, Farina M, et al. High cholesterol diet exacerbates Blood-Brain barrier disruption in LDLr-\/- mice: impact on cognitive function. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;78(1):97\u2013115.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1979_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e210287","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000210287","volume":"104","author":"JA Bornhorst","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bornhorst JA, Lundgreen CS, Weigand SD, Figdore DJ, Wiste H, Griswold M, et al. Quantitative assessment of the effect of chronic kidney disease on plasma P-Tau217 concentrations. Neurology. 2025;104(3):e210287.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1979_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h5527","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h5527","volume":"351","author":"PM Bossuyt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, Gatsonis CA, Glasziou PP, Irwig L, et al. STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. BMJ. 2015;351:h5527.","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13195-026-01979-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13195-026-01979-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13195-026-01979-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:03:27Z","timestamp":1773151407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13195-026-01979-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-026-01979-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-9193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-9193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All patients provided written informed consent for their data to be used for research purposes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"59"}}