{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T00:59:56Z","timestamp":1793926796054,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"ADRC Developmental Pilot Grant","award":["P30 AG062677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG062677"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01 NS100620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 NS100620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alz Res Therapy"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-026-01995-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T05:45:00Z","timestamp":1772603100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["\u03b1-synuclein positivity is associated with decline in brain microstructure in the Alzheimer\u2019s disease spectrum"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Elijah","family":"Mak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Przybelski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert I.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather J.","family":"Wiste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela J.","family":"Fought","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Senjem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashanthi","family":"Vemuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Clifford R.","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val J.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald C.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley F.","family":"Boeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kejal","family":"Kantarci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1995_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy146","volume":"141","author":"JL Robinson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robinson JL, Lee EB, Xie SX, Rennert L, Suh E, Bredenberg C, et al. Neurodegenerative disease concomitant proteinopathies are prevalent, age-related and APOE4-associated. Brain J Neurol. 2018;141(7):2181\u201393.","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1995_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)03082-1","volume":"888","author":"Y Arai","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arai Y, Yamazaki M, Mori O, Muramatsu H, Asano G, Katayama Y. Alpha-synuclein-positive structures in cases with sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease: morphology and its relationship to tau aggregation. Brain Res. 2001;888(2):287\u201396.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1995_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65722-7","volume":"153","author":"CF Lippa","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lippa CF, Fujiwara H, Mann DMA, Giasson B, Baba M, Schmidt ML, et al. Lewy bodies contain altered \u03b1-synuclein in brains of many familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients with mutations in presenilin and amyloid precursor protein genes. Am J Pathol. 1998;153(5):1365\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1995_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01507.x","volume":"16","author":"KA Jellinger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jellinger KA, Popescu B. Interaction between pathogenic proteins in neurodegenerative disorders. J Cell Mol Med. 2012;16(6):1166\u201383.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"1995_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moussaud S, Jones DR, Moussaud-Lamodi\u00e8re EL, Delenclos M, Ross OA, McLean PJ. Alpha-synuclein and tau: teammates in neurodegeneration? Mol Neurodegener. 2014;9(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1750-1326-9-43","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-9-43"},{"issue":"2","key":"1995_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e155","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009763","volume":"95","author":"TJ Ferman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferman TJ, Aoki N, Boeve BF, Aakre JA, Kantarci K, Graff-Radford J, et al. Subtypes of dementia with Lewy bodies are associated with \u03b1-synuclein and tau distribution. Neurology. 2020;95(2):e155\u201365.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1995_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200878","volume":"99","author":"G Bellomo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bellomo G, De Luca CMG, Paoletti FP, Gaetani L, Moda F, Parnetti L. \u03b1-Synuclein seed amplification assays for diagnosing synucleinopathies: the way forward. Neurology. 2022;99(5):195\u2013205.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1995_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02449-7","volume":"29","author":"C Quadalti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Quadalti C, Palmqvist S, Hall S, Rossi M, Mammana A, Janelidze S, et al. Clinical effects of Lewy body pathology in cognitively impaired individuals. Nat Med. 2023;29(8):1964\u201370.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1995_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13858","volume":"20","author":"D Tosun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tosun D, Hausle Z, Iwaki H, Thropp P, Lamoureux J, Lee EB, et al. A cross-sectional study of \u03b1-synuclein seed amplification assay in Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuroimaging initiative: Prevalence and associations with Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers and cognitive function. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20(8):5114\u201331.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"1995_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00822-3","volume":"20","author":"N Franzmeier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Franzmeier N, Roemer-Cassiano SN, Bernhardt AM, Dehsarvi A, Dewenter A, Steward A, et al. Alpha synuclein co-pathology is associated with accelerated amyloid-driven tau accumulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener. 2025;20(1):31.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"1","key":"1995_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8061","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52299-1","volume":"15","author":"LE Collij","year":"2024","unstructured":"Collij LE, Mastenbroek SE, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Strandberg O, Smith R, Janelidze S, et al. Lewy body pathology exacerbates brain hypometabolism and cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):8061.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"1995_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14571","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14571","volume":"21","author":"E Mak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mak E, Przybelski SA, Wiste HJ, Fought AJ, Schwarz CG, Senjem ML, et al. Influence of alpha-synuclein on glucose metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum: analyses of \u03b1-synuclein seed amplification assay and FDG-PET. Alzheimers Dement. 2025;21(2):e14571.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"1995_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1119","volume":"4","author":"D Le Bihan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Le Bihan D. Looking into the functional architecture of the brain with diffusion MRI. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003;4(6):469\u201380.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1995_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-015-0132-3","volume":"7","author":"PSJ Weston","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weston PSJ, Simpson IJA, Ryan NS, Ourselin S, Fox NC. Diffusion imaging changes in grey matter in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a potential marker of early neurodegeneration. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2015;7(1):47.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"1995_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.1482","volume":"71","author":"K Kantarci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kantarci K, Schwarz CG, Reid R, Przybelski SA, Lesnick T, Zuk SM, et al. White matter integrity on DTI, amyloid load, and neurodegeneration in non-demented elderly. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(12):1547\u201354.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"1995_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.024","volume":"56","author":"K Kantarci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kantarci K, Murray ME, Schwarz CG, Reid R, Przybelski SA, Lesnick T, et al. White matter integrity on DTI and the pathologic staging of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2017;56:172\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"1995_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2019.1667798","volume":"130","author":"V Lo Buono","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lo Buono V, Palmeri R, Corallo F, Allone C, Pria D, Bramanti P, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter degeneration in early stage of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a review. Int J Neurosci. 2020;130(3):243\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1995_CR18","first-page":"e12381","volume":"14","author":"JF Moody","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moody JF, Dean DC, Kecskemeti SR, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Kollmorgen G, et al. Associations between diffusion MRI microstructure and cerebrospinal fluid markers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology and neurodegeneration along the Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum. Alzheimers Dement. 2022;14(1):e12381.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"3","key":"1995_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0070-z","volume":"21","author":"HIL Jacobs","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jacobs HIL, Hedden T, Schultz AP, Sepulcre J, Perea RD, Amariglio RE, et al. Structural tract alterations predict downstream tau accumulation in amyloid-positive older individuals. Nat Neurosci. 2018;21(3):424\u201331.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1995_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70291-0","volume":"12","author":"CR Jack","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jack CR, Knopman DS, Jagust WJ, Petersen RC, Weiner MW, Aisen PS, et al. Update on hypothetical model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(2):207\u201316.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"04","key":"1995_CR21","first-page":"444","volume":"08","author":"DJ Irwin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Irwin DJ, Hurtig HI. The contribution of tau, amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein pathology to dementia in lewy body disorders. J Alzheimers Dis Park. 2018;08(04):444.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Park"},{"issue":"9","key":"1995_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6615","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14162","volume":"20","author":"A Arani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arani A, Borowski B, Felmlee J, Reid RI, Thomas DL, Gunter JL, et al. Design and validation of the ADNI MR protocol. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20(9):6615\u201321.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"7S_Part_22","key":"1995_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.06.1542","volume":"13","author":"RI Reid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reid RI, Borowski BJ, Thostenson K, Arani A, Thomas DL, Cash DM, et al. [p3\u2013327]: The Adni3 diffusion mri protocol: basic + advanced. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;13(7S_Part_22):P1075\u20136.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"1995_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zavaliangos-Petropulu A, Nir TM, Thomopoulos SI, Reid RI, Bernstein MA, Borowski B, et al. Diffusion MRI Indices and Their Relation to Cognitive Impairment in Brain Aging: The Updated Multi-protocol Approach in ADNI3. Front Neuroinformatics. 2019;13. Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/neuroinformatics\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fninf.2019.00002\/full. Cited 2025 Oct 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2019.00002\/full"},{"issue":"6","key":"1995_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24736","volume":"69","author":"E Caruyer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caruyer E, Lenglet C, Sapiro G, Deriche R. Design of multishell sampling schemes with uniform coverage in diffusion MRI. Magn Reson Med. 2013;69(6):1534\u201340.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"142","key":"1995_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.08.016","volume":"15","author":"J Veraart","year":"2016","unstructured":"Veraart J, Novikov DS, Christiaens D, Ades-Aron B, Sijbers J, Fieremans E. Denoising of diffusion MRI using random matrix theory. Neuroimage. 2016;15(142):394\u2013406.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"202","key":"1995_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116137","volume":"15","author":"JD Tournier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tournier JD, Smith R, Raffelt D, Tabbara R, Dhollander T, Pietsch M, et al. MRtrix3: A fast, flexible and open software framework for medical image processing and visualisation. Neuroimage. 2019;15(202):116137.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1995_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.019","volume":"125","author":"JLR Andersson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andersson JLR, Sotiropoulos SN. An integrated approach to correction for off-resonance effects and subject movement in diffusion MR imaging. Neuroimage. 2016;125:1063\u201378.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"5","key":"1995_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26054","volume":"76","author":"E Kellner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kellner E, Dhital B, Kiselev VG, Reisert M. Gibbs-ringing artifact removal based on local subvoxel-shifts. Magn Reson Med. 2015;76(5):1574\u201381.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"1995_CR30","first-page":"67","volume-title":"R, Nedelska Z, Schwarz CG, Ward C, Jack CR","author":"I Reid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reid I. R, Nedelska Z, Schwarz CG, Ward C, Jack CR. Diffusion specific segmentation: Skull stripping with diffusion MRI data alone. In Springer International Publishing; 2018. p. 67\u201380."},{"issue":"2","key":"1995_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2008.11.015","volume":"197","author":"CG Koay","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koay CG, \u00d6zarslan E, Basser PJ. A signal-transformational framework for breaking the noise floor and its applications in MRI. J Magn Reson. 2009;197(2):108\u201319.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson"},{"key":"1995_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2014.00008","volume":"8","author":"E Garyfallidis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garyfallidis E, Brett M, Amirbekian B, Rokem A, van der Walt S, Descoteaux M, et al. Dipy, a library for the analysis of diffusion MRI data. Front Neuroinform. 2014;8:8.","journal-title":"Front Neuroinform"},{"issue":"3","key":"1995_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.025","volume":"54","author":"BB Avants","year":"2011","unstructured":"Avants BB, Tustison NJ, Song G, Cook PA, Klein A, Gee JC. A reproducible evaluation of ANTs similarity metric performance in brain image registration. Neuroimage. 2011;54(3):2033\u201344.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"1995_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.01.002","volume":"46","author":"K Oishi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oishi K, Faria A, Jiang H, Li X, Akhter K, Zhang J, et al. Atlas-based whole brain white matter analysis using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping: Application to normal elderly and Alzheimer\u2019s disease participants. Neuroimage. 2009;46(2):486\u201399.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1995_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwarz CG, Gunter JL, Ward CP, Vemuri P, Senjem ML, Wiste HJ, et al. [P2\u2013415]: The mayo clinic adult lifespan template: better quantification across the lifespan. Alzheimers Dement. 2017 Jul;13(7S_Part_16).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.06.1071"},{"issue":"10","key":"1995_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182840c9f","volume":"80","author":"L Raz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raz L, Jayachandran M, Tosakulwong N, Lesnick TG, Wille SM, Murphy MC, et al. Thrombogenic microvesicles and white matter hyperintensities in postmenopausal women. Neurology. 2013;80(10):911\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1995_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.08.047","volume":"161","author":"JP Fortin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fortin JP, Parker D, Tun\u00e7 B, Watanabe T, Elliott MA, Ruparel K, et al. Harmonization of multi-site diffusion tensor imaging data. Neuroimage. 2017;161:149\u201370.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"220","key":"1995_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117129","volume":"15","author":"JC Beer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beer JC, Tustison NJ, Cook PA, Davatzikos C, Sheline YI, Shinohara RT, et al. Longitudinal ComBat: a method for harmonizing longitudinal multi-scanner imaging data. Neuroimage. 2020;15(220):117129.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"1995_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27867","volume":"35","author":"DG Coughlin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coughlin DG, Hurtig H, Irwin DJ. Pathological influences on clinical heterogeneity in Lewy body diseases. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. 2020;35(1):5\u201319.","journal-title":"Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1995_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1526-9","volume":"131","author":"JB Toledo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Toledo JB, Gopal P, Raible K, Irwin DJ, Brettschneider J, Sedor S, et al. Pathological \u03b1-synuclein distribution in subjects with coincident Alzheimer\u2019s and Lewy body pathology. Acta Neuropathol. 2016;131(3):393\u2013409.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1995_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.03.007","volume":"36","author":"Z Nedelska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nedelska Z, Schwarz CG, Boeve BF, Lowe V, Reid RI, Przybelski SA, et al. White matter integrity in dementia with Lewy bodies: a voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor imaging. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;36(6):2010\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1995_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29248","volume":"38","author":"A Habich","year":"2023","unstructured":"Habich A, Wahlund L, Westman E, Dierks T, Ferreira D. (Dis\u2010)connected dots in dementia with Lewy bodies\u2014a systematic review of connectivity studies. Mov Disord. 2023;38(1):4\u201315.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1995_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05672-9","volume":"14","author":"P Calabresi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calabresi P, Mechelli A, Natale G, Volpicelli-Daley L, Di Lazzaro G, Ghiglieri V. Alpha-synuclein in Parkinson\u2019s disease and other synucleinopathies: from overt neurodegeneration back to early synaptic dysfunction. Cell Death Dis. 2023;14(3):176.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1995_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02321-7","volume":"29","author":"TM Nir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nir TM, Villal\u00f3n-Reina JE, Salminen LE, Haddad E, Zheng H, Thomopoulos SI, et al. Cortical microstructural associations with CSF amyloid and pTau. Mol Psychiatry. 2024;29(2):257\u201368.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"1995_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0263","volume":"74","author":"J Sepulcre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sepulcre J, Grothe MJ, Sabuncu M, Chhatwal J, Schultz AP, Hanseeuw B, et al. Hierarchical organization of tau and amyloid deposits in the cerebral cortex. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(7):813\u201320.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1995_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318266fc51","volume":"79","author":"R Watson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Watson R, Blamire AM, Colloby SJ, Wood JS, Barber R, He J, et al. Characterizing dementia with Lewy bodies by means of diffusion tensor imaging. Neurology. 2012;79(9):906\u201314.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1995_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-150642","volume":"5","author":"J Burr\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burr\u00e9 J. The synaptic function of \u03b1-synuclein. J Parkinsons Dis. 2015;5(4):699\u2013713.","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"1995_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.12.008","volume":"105","author":"LA Volpicelli-Daley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Volpicelli-Daley LA. Effects of \u03b1-synuclein on axonal transport. Neurobiol Dis. 2017;105:321\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"1995_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.10.005","volume":"17","author":"J Henf","year":"2017","unstructured":"Henf J, Grothe MJ, Brueggen K, Teipel S, Dyrba M. Mean diffusivity in cortical gray matter in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the importance of partial volume correction. Neuroimage Clin. 2017;17:579\u201386.","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"issue":"215","key":"1995_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116835","volume":"1","author":"M Palombo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palombo M, Ianu\u015f A, Guerreri M, Nunes D, Alexander D, Shemesh N, et al. SANDI: A compartment-based model for non-invasive apparent soma and neurite imaging by diffusion MRI. Neuroimage. 2020;1(215):116835.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"1995_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.072","volume":"61","author":"H Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang H, Schneider T, Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Alexander DC. NODDI: practical in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the human brain. Neuroimage. 2012;61(4):1000\u201316.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"1995_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00684-4","volume":"10","author":"E Mak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mak E, Reid RI, Przybelski SA, Lesnick TG, Schwarz CG, Senjem ML, et al. Influences of amyloid-\u03b2 and tau on white matter neurite alterations in dementia with Lewy bodies. NPJ Park Dis. 2024;10(1):76.","journal-title":"NPJ Park Dis"},{"key":"1995_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guo JL, Covell DJ, Daniels JP, Iba M, Stieber A, Zhang B, et al. Distinct \u03b1-Synuclein Strains Differentially Promote Tau Inclusions in Neurons. Cell. 2013 Jul 3;154(1):https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.057.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.057"},{"issue":"14","key":"1995_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01150-0","volume":"31","author":"KH Shim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shim KH, Kang MJ, Youn YC, An SSA, Kim S. Alpha-synuclein: a pathological factor with A\u03b2 and tau and biomarker in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2022;31(14):201.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1995_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3146","volume":"34","author":"P Maillard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maillard P, Carmichael O, Harvey D, Fletcher E, Reed B, Mungas D, et al. FLAIR and diffusion MRI signals are independent predictors of white matter hyperintensities. Am J Neuroradiol. 2013;34(1):54\u201361.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"529","key":"1995_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay1809","volume":"12","author":"N Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao N, Attrebi ON, Ren Y, Qiao W, Sonustun B, Martens YA, et al. APOE4 exacerbates \u03b1-synuclein pathology and related toxicity independent of amyloid. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12(529):1809.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1995_CR57","first-page":"e70066","volume":"17","author":"M Verdurand","year":"2025","unstructured":"Verdurand M, Kaczorowski F, Dautricourt S, Desestret V, Formaglio M, Mollion H, et al. Toward alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay in clinical practice. Alzheimers Dement Diagn Assess Dis Monit. 2025;17(1):e70066.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement Diagn Assess Dis Monit"},{"issue":"7","key":"1995_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000225908.90052.07","volume":"65","author":"H Uchikado","year":"2006","unstructured":"Uchikado H, Lin WL, DeLucia MW, Dickson DW. Alzheimer disease with amygdala lewy bodies: a distinct form of \u03b1-synucleinopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2006;65(7):685\u201397.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1995_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3334","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13799","volume":"20","author":"N Samudra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Samudra N, Fischer DL, Lenio S, Lario Lago A, Ljubenkov PA, Rojas JC, et al. Clinicopathological correlation of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay in a behavioral neurology autopsy cohort. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20(5):3334\u201341.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"4","key":"1995_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26453","volume":"92","author":"MR Arnold","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arnold MR, Coughlin DG, Brumbach BH, Smirnov DS, Concha-Marambio L, Farris CM, et al. \u03b1-Synuclein seed amplification in CSF and brain from patients with different brain distributions of pathological \u03b1-synuclein in the context of co-pathology and non-LBD diagnoses. Ann Neurol. 2022;92(4):650\u201362.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"15","key":"1995_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.05.006","volume":"112","author":"H Endo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Endo H, Ono M, Takado Y, Matsuoka K, Takahashi M, Tagai K, et al. Imaging \u03b1-synuclein pathologies in animal models and patients with Parkinson\u2019s and related diseases. Neuron. 2024;112(15):2540-2557.e8.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"16","key":"1995_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.06.018","volume":"186","author":"K Kantarci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kantarci K. Toward imaging of alpha-synuclein with PET. Cell. 2023;186(16):3327\u20139.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"1995_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.122.263918","volume":"63","author":"JP Seibyl","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seibyl JP. \u03b1-Synuclein PET and parkinson disease therapeutic trials: ever the twain shall meet? J Nucl Med. 2022;63(10):1463\u20136.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1995_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-014-0087-9","volume":"6","author":"DM Cash","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cash DM, Rohrer JD, Ryan NS, Ourselin S, Fox NC. Imaging endpoints for clinical trials in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2014;6(9):87.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13195-026-01995-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13195-026-01995-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13195-026-01995-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T11:04:08Z","timestamp":1775819048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13195-026-01995-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-026-01995-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-9193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-9193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of all participating sites, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants at each site.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable here.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"E.M., R.R., S.A.P., H.J.W., and A.J.F. report no disclosures relevant to this manuscript. C.G.S. receives research support from the NIH. M.L.S. owns or has owned stock in medical-related companies, unrelated to the current work, within the past 36\u00a0months: Align Technology, Inc.; Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Mesa Laboratories, Inc.; Johnson & Johnson; LHC Group, Inc.; Natus Medical Inc.; and Varex Imaging Corporation. C.R.J. is employed by Mayo Clinic. He receives grant funding from the National Institutes of Health (R37 AG011378, R01 AG041851), the Alexander Family Professorship, and the GHR Foundation. Within the past 36\u00a0months, he served pro bono on a DSMB for Roche, with no payments to the individual or institution. He has also received funding from the Alzheimer\u2019s Association for travel to scientific meetings. R.C.P. serves as a consultant for Roche, Merck, Biogen, Eisai, Genentech, and Nestl\u00e9. He has served on a DSMB for Genentech, receives royalties from Oxford University Press and UpToDate, and receives NIH funding. B.F.B. has served as an investigator for clinical trials sponsored by Alector, Cognition Therapeutics, EIP Pharma, and Transposon. He serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Tau Consortium, funded by the Rainwater Charitable Foundation. He receives research support from the NIH, the Mayo Clinic Dorothy and Harry T. Mangurian Jr. Lewy Body Dementia Program, the Little Family Foundation, and the Ted Turner and Family Foundation. K.K. was partly funded by the Kathrine B. Andersen Professorship of Women\u2019s Health Research of the Mayo Clinic. She has served on data safety monitoring boards and\/or as a consultant for Pfizer, Takeda, and Biogen, and has received research support from Eli Lilly.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"82"}}