{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:06:27Z","timestamp":1792796787229,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alz Res Therapy"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-026-02012-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T02:15:40Z","timestamp":1773800140000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Diagnostic performance of plasma GFAP in preclinical stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease using the Lumipulse platform"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Valera-Barrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Dubarbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Lage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Rivera-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Pozueta-Cantudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Corrales-Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"L\u00f3pez-Hoyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Irure-Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidy","family":"Cahuana-Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Garc\u00eda-Unzueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Di Molfetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Ashton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascual","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eloy","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Matarrubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2012_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.3.326","volume":"55","author":"L Berg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berg L, McKeel DW, Miller JP, et al. Clinicopathologic studies in cognitively healthy aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: relation of histologic markers to dementia severity, age, sex, and apolipoprotein E genotype. Arch Neurol. 1998;55(3):326\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.55.3.326.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2012_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","volume":"14","author":"CR Jack","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jack CR, Bennett DA, Blennow K, et al. NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14(4):535\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"2012_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01719-5","volume":"17","author":"F Mart\u00ednez-Dubarbie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Dubarbie F, Guerra-Ruiz A, L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda S, et al. Diagnostic performance of plasma p-tau217 in a memory clinic cohort using the Lumipulse automated platform. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2025;17(1):68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-025-01719-5.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"2012_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13859","volume":"20","author":"CR Jack","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jack CR, Andrews JS, Beach TG, et al. Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Alzheimer\u2019s Association Workgroup. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20(8):5143\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13859.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2012_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.01.001","volume":"144","author":"LM Osborn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Osborn LM, Kamphuis W, Wadman WJ, Hol EM. Astrogliosis: An integral player in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Prog Neurobiol. 2016;144:121\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.01.001.","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2012_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170228","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.170228","volume":"7","author":"GR Frost","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frost GR, Li YM. The role of astrocytes in amyloid production and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Open Biol. 2017;7(12):170228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsob.170228.","journal-title":"Open Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2012_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(89)90115-X","volume":"24","author":"S Itagaki","year":"1989","unstructured":"Itagaki S, McGeer PL, Akiyama H, Zhu S, Selkoe D. Relationship of microglia and astrocytes to amyloid deposits of Alzheimer disease. J Neuroimmunol. 1989;24(3):173\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-5728(89)90115-X.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2012_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13450","volume":"20","author":"W Pelkmans","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pelkmans W, Shekari M, Brugulat-Serrat A, et al. Astrocyte biomarkers GFAP and YKL-40 mediate early Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20(1):483\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13450.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"11","key":"2012_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab223","volume":"144","author":"JB Pereira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pereira JB, Janelidze S, Smith R, et al. Plasma GFAP is an early marker of amyloid-\u03b2 but not tau pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain. 2021;144(11):3505\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awab223.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2012_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106356","volume":"189","author":"AL Wojda\u0142a","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wojda\u0142a AL, Bellomo G, Gaetani L, et al. Trajectories of CSF and plasma biomarkers across Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum: disease staging by NF-L, p-tau181, and GFAP. Neurobiol Dis. 2023;189:106356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106356.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2012_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01137-1","volume":"11","author":"P Chatterjee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chatterjee P, Pedrini S, Stoops E, Goozee K, et al. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein is elevated in cognitively normal older adults at risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11(1):27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-020-01137-1.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2012_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01051-2","volume":"14","author":"S Prins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prins S, de Kam ML, Teunissen CE, Groeneveld GJ. Inflammatory plasma biomarkers in subjects with preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2022;14(1):106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-022-01051-2.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"2012_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2025.100724","volume":"6","author":"VR Varma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Varma VR, An Y, Kac PR, Bilgel M, et al. Longitudinal progression of blood biomarkers reveals a key role of reactive astrocytosis in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Med. 2025;6:100724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medj.2025.100724.","journal-title":"Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2012_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.43.11.2412-a","volume":"43","author":"JC Morris","year":"1993","unstructured":"Morris JC. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology. 1993;43(11):2412\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.43.11.2412-a.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2012_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.05.2243","volume":"7","author":"N Mattsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mattsson N, Andreasson U, Persson S, et al. The Alzheimer\u2019s Association external quality control program for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(4):386\u2013e3956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.05.2243.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"2012_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.12.024","volume":"47","author":"CE Teunissen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Teunissen CE, Tumani H, Engelborghs S, Mollenhauer B. Biobanking of CSF: international standardization to optimize biomarker development. Clin Biochem. 2014;47(4\u20135):288\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.12.024.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"8","key":"2012_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12510","volume":"18","author":"IMW Verberk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Verberk IMW, Misdorp EO, Koelewijn J, et al. Characterization of pre-analytical sample handling effects on a panel of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related blood-based biomarkers: Results from the Standardization of Alzheimer\u2019s Blood Biomarkers (SABB) working group. Alzheimers Dement. 2022;18(8):1484\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12510.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"2","key":"2012_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2021-0651","volume":"60","author":"J Gobom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gobom J, Parnetti L, Rosa-Neto P, et al. Validation of the LUMIPULSE automated immunoassay for the measurement of core AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2022;60(2):207\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2021-0651.","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2012_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.179","volume":"67","author":"G De Meyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Meyer G, Shapiro F, Vanderstichele H, et al. Diagnosis-independent Alzheimer disease biomarker signature in cognitively normal elderly people. Arch Neurol. 2010;67(8):949\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneurol.2010.179.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"22","key":"2012_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14222520","volume":"14","author":"J Kamada","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kamada J, Hamanaka T, Oshimo A, et al. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein\u2019s Usefulness as an Astrocyte Biomarker Using the Fully Automated LUMIPULSE\u00ae System. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024;14(22):2520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14222520.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2012_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-240067","volume":"100","author":"M Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez M, Pozueta-Cantudo A, Lage C, et al. LAM Test: A New Cognitive Marker for Early Detection in Preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2024;100(3):1039\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-240067.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2012_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2012_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acp027","volume":"24","author":"J Pe\u00f1a-Casanova","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a-Casanova J, Blesa R, Aguilar M, et al. Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): methods and sample characteristics. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2009;24(4):307\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/arclin\/acp027.","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2012_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","volume":"150","author":"AS Levey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(9):604\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2012_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031481","volume":"25","author":"F Mart\u00ednez-Dubarbie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Dubarbie F, Guerra-Ruiz A, L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda S, et al. Influence of Physiological Variables and Comorbidities on Plasma A\u03b240, A\u03b242, and p-tau181 Levels in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(3):1481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25031481.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2012_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3671","volume":"78","author":"AL Benedet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Benedet AL, Mil\u00e0-Alom\u00e0 M, Vrillon A, et al. Differences Between Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Levels Across the Alzheimer Disease Continuum. JAMA Neurol. 2021;78(12):1471\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3671.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2012_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae035","volume":"147","author":"P S\u00e1nchez-Juan","year":"2024","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Juan P, Valeriano-Lorenzo E, Ruiz-Gonz\u00e1lez A, et al. Serum GFAP levels correlate with astrocyte reactivity, post-mortem brain atrophy and neurofibrillary tangles. Brain. 2024;147(5):1667\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awae035.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"2012_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12724","volume":"19","author":"P Chatterjee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chatterjee P, Pedrini S, Doecke JD, et al. Plasma A\u03b242\/40 ratio, p-tau181, GFAP, and NfL across the Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study in the AIBL cohort. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. 2023;19(4):1117\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12724.","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement"},{"issue":"8","key":"2012_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70502","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70502","volume":"21","author":"M Fern\u00e1ndez-Matarrubia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Matarrubia M, Valera-Barrero A, Renuncio-Garc\u00eda M, et al. Early microglial and astrocyte reactivity in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2025;21(8):e70502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.70502.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2012_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Erickson P, Simr\u00e9n J, Brum WS, et al. Prevalence and Clinical Implications of a \u03b2-Amyloid-Negative, Tau-Positive Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Profile in Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol Published online July. 2023;31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.2338.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.2338"},{"issue":"2","key":"2012_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(20)30061-1","volume":"2","author":"IMW Verberk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verberk IMW, Laarhuis MB, van den Bosch KA, et al. Serum markers glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light for prognosis and monitoring in cognitively normal older people: a prospective memory clinic-based cohort study. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021;2(2):e87\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-7568(20)30061-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2012_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00804-9","volume":"13","author":"C Cicognola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cicognola C, Janelidze S, Hertze J, et al. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein detects Alzheimer pathology and predicts future conversion to Alzheimer dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2021;13(1):68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-021-00804-9.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"2012_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2022-0770","volume":"61","author":"G Musso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Musso G, Cosma C, Zaninotto M, Gabelli C, Basso D, Plebani M. Pre-analytical variability of the Lumipulse immunoassay for plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2022;61(3):e53\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2022-0770.","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's Research & Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13195-026-02012-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13195-026-02012-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13195-026-02012-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T23:35:07Z","timestamp":1777246507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13195-026-02012-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-026-02012-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-9193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-9193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments and was approved by the ethics committee of the Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla. Title: Valdecilla Cohort for the study of memory and brain aging. Internal code: 2018.111.All participants provided written informed consent prior to inclusion in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"K.B. has served on scientific advisory boards and\/or as a consultant for Abbvie, AC Immune, ALZPath, AriBio, Beckman Coulter, BioArctic, Biogen, Eisai, Lilly, Neurimmune, Ono Pharma, Prothena, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi, and Siemens Healthineers; has served on data\u2010monitoring committees for Julius Clinical and Novartis; has given lectures, produced educational materials, and participated in educational programs for Biogen, Eisai, and Roche Diagnostics; and is a co\u2010founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, outside the work presented in this article. H.Z. has served on scientific advisory boards and\/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, Alzinova, ALZPath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, ScandiBio Therapeutics AB, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave; has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, LabCorp, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Oy Medix Biochemica AB, Roche, and WebMD; and is a co\u2010founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside the submitted work). The other authors report no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"94"}}