{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:47:48Z","timestamp":1790736468143,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Because atopic dermatitis does not heal completely, associated severe atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) often require long-term treatment. This study aims to evaluate the long-term outcomes of using 0.1% tacrolimus eye drops to treat these severe allergic conjunctival diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Two-hundred-and-seventy eyes of 135 patients diagnosed with AKC or VKC from April 2004 to April 2014 were screened retrospectively. Patient demographics and objective signs were extracted from the electronic medical records. The severity of 10 objective signs, related to the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, limbus, and cornea, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were observed at baseline, at 2\u00a0weeks, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12\u00a0months after starting treatment, and every 1\u00a0year thereafter (average use period: 8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u00a0years). Safety was evaluated based on the incidence and severity of adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>12 patients (AKC; 7 cases, VKC; 5 cases) who were treated with 0.1% tacrolimus eye drops were enrolled in this study. The total score of clinical signs significantly decreased after 2\u00a0weeks and remained effective thereafter. Tacrolimus eye drops elicited a statistically significant difference in the mean total clinical scores and IOP over the course of treatment (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Elevated IOP was observed in 2 cases and corneal infection in 1 case; these effects were completely controlled with medication.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Topical tacrolimus may provide effective and long-term improvement in clinical signs of severe AKC and VKC cases that refractory to standard conventional treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic>: University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) 000034460.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-021-00513-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T13:04:02Z","timestamp":1612184642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Long-term outcomes of 0.1% tacrolimus eye drops in eyes with severe allergic conjunctival diseases"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7371-6558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Yazu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumi","family":"Fukagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eisuke","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Fujishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"513_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03716.x","volume":"153","author":"A Leonardi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leonardi A, Motterle L, Bortolotti M. 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The clinical trial registration ID number is University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) 000034460. All participants provided their written informed consent to participate in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants in this study signed written consent forms for the publication of their relevant clinical data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"H.F. received honoraria from Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., White Medical Co., Ltd., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Allergan, and Alcon Laboratories, Inc., but these were not related to the consent of the current study. The other authors have no conflict of interest to declare associated with this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11"}}