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Classic symptoms include nasal congestion, nasal itch, rhinorrhea and sneezing. A thorough history, physical examination and assessment of allergen sensitization are important for establishing the diagnosis of AR. Intranasal corticosteroids and second-generation antihistamines are the mainstay of treatment. Allergen immunotherapy is an effective immune-modulating treatment for use in addition to or as an alternative to pharmacologic therapy. This article provides an overview on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and appropriate management of AR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-024-00923-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T13:56:57Z","timestamp":1735307817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Allergic rhinitis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lana","family":"Rosenfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Keith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn","family":"Quirt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Small","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne K.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"923_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.2310\/7070.2006.X002","volume":"36","author":"P Small","year":"2007","unstructured":"Small P, Frenkiel S, Becker A, Boisvert P, Bouchard J, Carr S, et al. 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Rosenfield has received honoraria from Miravo, Regeneron and the CSACI and has been a member of an advisory board or speaker\u2019s bureau for ALK. PK Keith has participated in advisory boards for ALK-Abello, AstraZeneca, Bausch Health, CSL Behring, GlaxoSmithKline, LEO Pharma, Miravo, Merck, Novartis, Sanofi, Takeda and Valeo. He has been a speaker for ALK-Abello,\u00a0Bausch, GlaxoSmithKline, Medexus, Novartis, and Sanofi. His institution has received research grants from CSL Behring and Takeda. He has also served as a consultant to Bayer LLC, CADTH, and the Canadian Pharmacists Association. J. Quirt has participated in advisory boards for Aralez and Sanofi. A.K. Ellis has participated in advisory boards for ALK-Abello, AstraZeneca, Bausch Health, LEO Pharma, Miravo, Merck, Novartis, has been a speaker for ALK-Abello, AstraZeneca, Bausch, Miravo, Medexus, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, StallergenesGreer and Regeneron. Her institution has received research grants from ALK Abello, Aralez, AstraZeneca, Bayer LLC, Medexus, Novartis, Sanofi and Regeneron. She has also served as an independent consultant to Bayer LLC, Pharming, and Regeneron. P. Small has nothing to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"74"}}