{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:48:37Z","timestamp":1789656517256,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Emerging evidence suggests that specific allergen molecules may influence the clinical phenotype of anaphylaxis in children, but robust data are scarce. This study aimed to rigorously test the molecule-phenotype association in a large pediatric cohort and to determine the relative influence of the sensitizing molecule versus patient age on symptom presentation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A retrospective analysis was conducted on 184 pediatric patients (0\u201318\u00a0years) hospitalized for anaphylaxis. Molecular allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) profiles were determined using the ALEX\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n test. Symptom frequencies across different organ systems were analyzed in relation to allergen molecules and age groups using Cochran\u2019s Q and Pearson\u2019s \u03c72 tests.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The most frequent molecular triggers were Ara h 2 (18.79%), Gal d 1 (9.09%), and Ana o 3 (9.09%). While significant differences in symptom distribution were observed within individual allergen molecules (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), no molecule-specific symptom pattern was identified. In contrast, age significantly influenced respiratory symptom prevalence, with a higher frequency in older children compared to infants (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003). A similar trend was observed for gastrointestinal symptoms (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.051).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In pediatric anaphylaxis, patient age is a more significant determinant of clinical presentation, particularly for respiratory symptoms, than the specific sensitizing allergen molecule. This suggests that clinical risk stratification and management strategies in children should prioritize age-related factors over specific molecular sensitization profiles.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-025-01000-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T08:15:05Z","timestamp":1764231305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pediatric anaphylaxis: age-related symptom trends and the limited role of allergen molecules: a retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Izabela","family":"Kucharek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Przysta\u0142-Dyszy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Gody\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gregorczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasza","family":"Krajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Sybilski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1000_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15032","volume":"77","author":"A Muraro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muraro A, Worm M, Alviani C, et al. EAACI guidelines: anaphylaxis (2021 update). Allergy. 2022;77(2):357\u201377.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"1000_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13854","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13854","volume":"34","author":"S Dramburg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dramburg S, Hilger C, Santos AF, et al. EAACI molecular allergology user\u2019s guide 2.0. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2023;34:e13854.","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1000_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.15557\/PiMR.2021.0020","volume":"17","author":"\u0141 B\u0142a\u017cowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"B\u0142a\u017cowski \u0141, Kurzawa R, Majak P. The usefulness of molecular diagnosis in the assessment of the aetiology, clinical phenotypes and risk of food-induced anaphylaxis in children. 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Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;121(3):360\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"}],"container-title":["Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13223-025-01000-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13223-025-01000-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13223-025-01000-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T04:24:45Z","timestamp":1767068685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13223-025-01000-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13223-025-01000-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1710-1492"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1710-1492","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Bioethics Committee of the National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration (PIM MSWiA). This was a retrospective study based on anonymized medical records of patients hospitalized for anaphylaxis. In accordance with applicable Polish (Act on Patients\u2019 Rights, Art. 26.4) and EU regulations (Regulation (EU) 2016\/679, Recital 26 and Article 89), individual informed consent for inclusion in the study was not required. All patients (or\/and their legal guardians) provided written consent at the time of hospital admission for the use of their anonymized medical data. All data protection procedures complied with applicable laws, including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication. A preliminary version of this manuscript has been published as a preprint on Authorea, available at:\n \n .","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publications"}}],"article-number":"54"}}