{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:07:16Z","timestamp":1791328036557,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Autism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Auditory steady state responses (ASSRs) are elicited by clicktrains or amplitude-modulated tones, which entrain auditory cortex at their specific modulation rate. Previous research has reported reductions in ASSRs at 40\u2009Hz for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) participants and first-degree relatives of people diagnosed with ASD (Mol Autism. 2011;2:11, Biol Psychiatry. 2007;62:192\u2013197).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a 1.5\u2009s-long auditory clicktrain stimulus, designed to elicit an ASSR at 40\u2009Hz, this study attempted to replicate and extend these findings. Magnetencephalography (MEG) data were collected from 18 adolescent ASD participants and 18 typically developing controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ASSR localised to bilateral primary auditory regions. Regions of interest were thus defined in left and right primary auditory cortex (A1). While the transient gamma-band response (tGBR) from 0-0.1\u2009s following presentation of the clicktrain stimulus was not different between groups, for either left or right A1, the ASD group had reduced oscillatory power at 40\u2009Hz from 0.5 to 1.5\u2009s post-stimulus onset, for both left and right A1. Additionally, the ASD group had reduced inter-trial coherence (phase consistency over trials) at 40\u2009Hz from 0.64-0.82\u2009s for right A1 and 1.04-1.22\u2009s for left A1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we did not conduct a clinical autism assessment (e.g. the ADOS), and therefore, it remains unclear whether ASSR power and\/or ITC are associated with the clinical symptoms of ASD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, our results support a specific reduction in ASSR oscillatory power and inter-trial coherence in ASD, rather than a generalised deficit in gamma-band responses. We argue that this could reflect a developmentally relevant reduction in non-linear neural processing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-020-00357-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T03:53:05Z","timestamp":1593575585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Reduced auditory steady state responses in autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"R. A.","family":"Seymour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Rippon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Gooding-Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. F.","family":"Sowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7307-9539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"357_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychological Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Arlington: American Psychiatric Association; 2013."},{"key":"357_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HRP.0000445143.08773.58","volume":"22","author":"EP Hazen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hazen EP, Stornelli JL, O\u2019Rourke JA, Koesterer K, McDougle CJ. Sensory symptoms in autism spectrum disorders. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2014;22:112\u201324.","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry."},{"key":"357_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0218-7","volume":"37","author":"SR Leekam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leekam SR, Nieto C, Libby SJ, Wing L, Gould J. Describing the sensory abnormalities of children and adults with autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2007;37:894\u2013910.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord."},{"key":"357_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.112","volume":"18","author":"CE Robertson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robertson CE, Baron-Cohen S. Sensory perception in autism. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017;18:671.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci."},{"key":"357_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.10.002","volume":"71","author":"K Kessler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kessler K, Seymour RA, Rippon G. Brain oscillations and connectivity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD): new approaches to methodology, measurement and modelling. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016;71:601\u201320.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"357_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.111","volume":"3","author":"TP Roberts","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roberts TP, Khan SY, Rey M, Monroe JF, Cannon K, Blaskey L, et al. MEG detection of delayed auditory evoked responses in autism spectrum disorders: towards an imaging biomarker for autism. Autism Res. 2010;3:8\u201318.","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"357_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.016","volume":"68","author":"DM Simon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simon DM, Wallace MT. Dysfunction of sensory oscillations in autism spectrum disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016;68:848\u201361.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"357_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70273-9","volume":"41","author":"C Brown","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brown C, Gruber T, Boucher J, Rippon G, Brock J. Gamma abnormalities during perception of illusory figures in autism. Cortex. 2005;41:364\u201376.","journal-title":"Cortex."},{"key":"357_CR9","volume":"7","author":"B Wright","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wright B, Alderson-Day B, Prendergast G, Bennett S, Jordan J, Whitton C, et al. Gamma activation in young people with autism spectrum disorders and typically-developing controls when viewing emotions on faces. PLoS One. 2012;7:e41326.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"357_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv043","volume":"138","author":"MK Khan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khan MK, Tommerdahl M, Ganesan S, Kitzbichler MG, Zetino M, et al. Somatosensory cortex functional connectivity abnormalities in autism show opposite trends, depending on direction and spatial scale. Brain. 2015;138:1394\u2013409.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"357_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz214","volume":"142","author":"RA Seymour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seymour RA, Rippon G, Gooding-Williams G, Schoffelen JM, Kessler K. Dysregulated oscillatory connectivity in the visual system in autism spectrum disorder. Brain. 2019;142:3294\u2013305.","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"357_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150444","volume":"35","author":"G Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buzs\u00e1ki G, Wang X-J. Mechanisms of gamma oscillations. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2012;35:203.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci."},{"key":"357_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.034","volume":"88","author":"P Fries","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fries P. Rhythms for cognition: communication through coherence. Neuron. 2015;88:220\u201335.","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"357_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-183X.2003.00037.x","volume":"2","author":"JLR Rubenstein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rubenstein JLR, Merzenich MM. Model of autism: increased ratio of excitation\/inhibition in key neural systems. Genes Brain Behav. 2003;2:255\u201367.","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav."},{"key":"357_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1214533110","volume":"110","author":"S Khan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khan S, Gramfort A, Shetty NR, Kitzbichler MG, Ganesan S, Moran JM, et al. Local and long-range functional connectivity is reduced in concert in autism spectrum disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013;110:3107\u201312.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci."},{"key":"357_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01195258","volume":"7","author":"C Pantev","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pantev C. Evoked and induced gamma-band activity of the human cortex. Brain Topogr. 1995;7:321\u201330.","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"357_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1121\/1.398093","volume":"86","author":"R Hari","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hari R, H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen M, Joutsiniemi S-L. Neuromagnetic steady-state responses to auditory stimuli. J Acoust Soc Am. 1989;86:1033\u20139.","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am."},{"key":"357_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(96)00133-5","volume":"101","author":"C Pantev","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pantev C, Roberts LE, Elbert T, Ro\u03b2 B, Wienbruch C. Tonotopic organization of the sources of human auditory steady-state responses. Hear Res. 1996;101:62\u201374.","journal-title":"Hear Res."},{"key":"357_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7869","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0113-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"NA Busch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Busch NA, Dubois J, VanRullen R. The phase of ongoing EEG oscillations predicts visual perception. J Neurosci. 2009;29:7869\u201376.","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"357_CR20","volume":"9","author":"KL McFadden","year":"2014","unstructured":"McFadden KL, Steinmetz SE, Carroll AM, Simon ST, Wallace A, Rojas DC. Test-retest reliability of the 40 Hz EEG auditory steady-state response. PLOS ONE. 2014;9:e85748.","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."},{"key":"357_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.07.055","volume":"122","author":"H-R Tan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tan H-R, Gross J, Uhlhaas PJ. MEG\u2014measured auditory steady-state oscillations show high test\u2013retest reliability: a sensor and source-space analysis. Neuroimage. 2015;122:417\u201326.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"357_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht341","volume":"25","author":"RY Cho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cho RY, Walker CP, Polizzotto NR, Wozny TA, Fissell C, Chen C-MA, et al. Development of sensory gamma oscillations and cross-frequency coupling from childhood to early adulthood. Cereb Cortex. 2015;25:1509\u201318.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex."},{"key":"357_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000441943","volume":"38","author":"JC Edgar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Edgar JC, Fisk CL, Liu S, Pandey J, Herrington JD, Schultz RT, et al. Translating adult electrophysiology findings to younger patient populations: difficulty measuring 40-Hz auditory steady-state responses in typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorder. Dev Neurosci. 2016;38:1\u201314.","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci."},{"key":"357_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s101620010052","volume":"2","author":"JK Moore","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moore JK, Guan Y-L. Cytoarchitectural and axonal maturation in human auditory cortex. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2001;2:297\u2013311.","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol."},{"key":"357_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020701383019","volume":"46","author":"JK Moore","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moore JK, Linthicum FH Jr. The human auditory system: a timeline of development. Int J Audiol. 2007;46:460\u201378.","journal-title":"Int J Audiol."},{"key":"357_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.07.002","volume":"62","author":"TW Wilson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wilson TW, Rojas DC, Reite ML, Teale PD, Rogers SJ. Children and adolescents with autism exhibit reduced MEG steady-state gamma responses. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;62:192\u20137.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"357_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-2-11","volume":"2","author":"DC Rojas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rojas DC, Teale PD, Maharajh K, Kronberg E, Youngpeter K, Wilson LB, et al. Transient and steady-state auditory gamma-band responses in first-degree relatives of people with autism spectrum disorder. Mol Autism. 2011;2:11.","journal-title":"Mol Autism."},{"key":"357_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-66","volume":"8","author":"DC Rojas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rojas DC, Maharajh K, Teale P, Rogers SJ. Reduced neural synchronization of gamma-band MEG oscillations in first-degree relatives of children with autism. BMC Psychiatry. 2008;8:66.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"357_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.14.15","volume":"8","author":"DC Rojas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rojas DC, Wilson LB. \u03b3-band abnormalities as markers of autism spectrum disorders. Biomark Med. 2014;8:353\u201368.","journal-title":"Biomark Med."},{"key":"357_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2011.110221","volume":"105","author":"S-J Blakemore","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blakemore S-J. Development of the social brain in adolescence. J R Soc Med. 2012;105:111\u20136.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med."},{"key":"357_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2007.08.003","volume":"28","author":"BJ Casey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Casey BJ, Getz S, Galvan A. The adolescent brain. Dev Rev. 2008;28:62\u201377.","journal-title":"Dev Rev."},{"key":"357_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005653411471","volume":"31","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Skinner R, Martin J, Clubley E. The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from asperger syndrome\/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. J Autism Dev Disord. 2001;31:5\u201317.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord."},{"key":"357_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1608-7","volume":"43","author":"AE Robertson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robertson AE, Simmons DR. The relationship between sensory sensitivity and autistic traits in the general population. J Autism Dev Disord. 2013;43:775\u201384.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord."},{"key":"357_CR34","volume-title":"Raven\u2019s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales","author":"JC Raven","year":"1998","unstructured":"Raven JC, Court JH. Raven\u2019s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Oxford: Oxford Psychologists Press; 1998."},{"key":"357_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00715","volume":"42","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Hill J, Raste Y, Plumb I. The \u201cReading the Mind in the Eyes\u201d test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001;42:241\u201351.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry."},{"key":"357_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000182","volume":"125","author":"BF Oakley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oakley BF, Brewer R, Bird G, Catmur C. Theory of mind is not theory of emotion: a cautionary note on the reading the mind in the eyes test. J Abnorm Psychol. 2016;125:818.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol."},{"key":"357_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(01)00036-6","volume":"5","author":"M Jenkinson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jenkinson M, Smith S. A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images. Med Image Anal. 2001;5:143\u201356.","journal-title":"Med Image Anal."},{"key":"357_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.056","volume":"80","author":"LJ Larson-Prior","year":"2013","unstructured":"Larson-Prior LJ, Oostenveld R, Della Penna S, Michalareas G, Prior F, Babajani-Feremi A, et al. Adding dynamics to the Human Connectome Project with MEG. Neuroimage. 2013;80:190\u2013201.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"357_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2017.00050","volume":"11","author":"B Gohel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gohel B, Lim S, Kim M-Y, Kwon H, Kim K. Approximate subject specific pseudo MRI from an available MRI dataset for MEG source imaging. Front Neuroinformatics. 2017;11:50.","journal-title":"Front Neuroinformatics."},{"key":"357_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seymour R. Macquarie-MEG-Research\/MEMES: For Zenodo [Internet]. 2018. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.1451031. Accessed 8 Oct 2018.","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.1451031"},{"key":"357_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/48\/22\/002","volume":"48","author":"G Nolte","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nolte G. The magnetic lead field theorem in the quasi-static approximation and its use for magnetoencephalography forward calculation in realistic volume conductors. Phys Med Biol. 2003;48:3637\u201352.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol."},{"key":"357_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Litvak V, Mattout J, Kiebel S, Phillips C, Henson R, Kilner J, et al. EEG and MEG data analysis in SPM8. Comput Intell Neurosci. 2011.","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/852961"},{"key":"357_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","volume":"62","author":"B Fischl","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fischl B. FreeSurfer. Neuroimage. 2012;62:774\u201381.","journal-title":"FreeSurfer. Neuroimage."},{"key":"357_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr291","volume":"22","author":"VCD Essen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Essen VCD, Glasser MF, Dierker DL, Harwell J, Coalson T. Parcellations and hemispheric asymmetries of human cerebral cortex analyzed on surface-based atlases. Cereb Cortex. 2012;22:2241\u201362.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"357_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.018","volume":"62","author":"DC Van Essen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van Essen DC, Ugurbil K, Auerbach E, Barch D, Behrens TEJ, Bucholz R, et al. The Human Connectome Project: a data acquisition perspective. Neuroimage. 2012;62:2222\u201331.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"357_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/7\/008","volume":"51","author":"S Taulu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Taulu S, Simola J. Spatiotemporal signal space separation method for rejecting nearby interference in MEG measurements. Phys Med Biol. 2006;51:1759.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol."},{"key":"357_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oostenveld R, Fries P, Maris E, Schoffelen J-M. FieldTrip: open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data. Comput Intell Neurosci. 2010.","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869"},{"key":"357_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1109\/10.623056","volume":"44","author":"BD Van Veen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Van Veen BD, van Drongelen W, Yuchtman M, Suzuki A. Localization of brain electrical activity via linearly constrained minimum variance spatial filtering. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1997;44:867\u201380.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng."},{"key":"357_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.09.050","volume":"39","author":"MJ Brookes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brookes MJ, Vrba J, Robinson SE, Stevenson CM, Peters AM, Barnes GR, et al. Optimising experimental design for MEG beamformer imaging. Neuroimage. 2008;39:1788\u2013802.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"357_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.08.032","volume":"117","author":"DC Rojas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rojas DC, Maharajh K, Teale PD, Kleman MR, Benkers TL, Carlson JP, et al. Development of the 40Hz steady state auditory evoked magnetic field from ages 5 to 52. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;117:110\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"357_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.06.041","volume":"181","author":"EL Barratt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barratt EL, Francis ST, Morris PG, Brookes MJ. Mapping the topological organisation of beta oscillations in motor cortex using MEG. NeuroImage. 2018;181:831\u201344.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"357_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18933","volume":"536","author":"MF Glasser","year":"2016","unstructured":"Glasser MF, Coalson TS, Robinson EC, Hacker CD, Harwell J, Yacoub E, et al. A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex. Nature. 2016;536:171\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"357_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8083","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703155114","volume":"114","author":"J-M Schoffelen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schoffelen J-M, Hult\u00e9n A, Lam N, Marquand AF, Udd\u00e9n J, Hagoort P. Frequency-specific directed interactions in the human brain network for language. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2017;114:8083\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci."},{"key":"357_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.08.043","volume":"29","author":"N Hoogenboom","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hoogenboom N, Schoffelen J-M, Oostenveld R, Parkes LM, Fries P. Localizing human visual gamma-band activity in frequency, time and space. Neuroimage. 2006;29:764\u201373.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"357_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muthukumaraswamy SD. High-frequency brain activity and muscle artifacts in MEG\/EEG: a review and recommendations. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00138"},{"key":"357_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.02.011","volume":"163","author":"E Maris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maris E, Schoffelen J-M, Fries P. Nonparametric statistical testing of coherence differences. J Neurosci Methods. 2007;163:161\u201375.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods."},{"key":"357_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024","volume":"164","author":"E Maris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maris E, Oostenveld R. Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data. J Neurosci Methods. 2007;164:177\u201390.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods."},{"key":"357_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popov T, Oostenveld R, Schoffelen JM. FieldTrip made easy: an analysis protocol for group analysis of the auditory steady state brain response in time, frequency, and space. Front Neurosci. 2018;12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00711"},{"key":"357_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2002.805485","volume":"49","author":"K Sekihara","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sekihara K, Nagarajan SS, Poeppel D, Marantz A. Performance of an MEG adaptive-beamformer technique in the presence of correlated neural activities: effects on signal intensity and time-course estimates. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2002;49:1534\u201346.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng."},{"key":"357_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.012","volume":"49","author":"MA Quraan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Quraan MA, Cheyne D. Reconstruction of correlated brain activity with adaptive spatial filters in MEG. NeuroImage. 2010;49:2387\u2013400.","journal-title":"NeuroImage."},{"key":"357_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2015.00008","volume":"9","author":"KJ Gorgolewski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gorgolewski KJ, Varoquaux G, Rivera G, Schwarz Y, Ghosh SS, Maumet C, et al. NeuroVault.org: a web-based repository for collecting and sharing unthresholded statistical maps of the human brain. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics. 2015;9:8.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"357_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi078","volume":"15","author":"B Ross","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ross B, Herdman AT, Pantev C. Right hemispheric laterality of human 40 Hz auditory steady-state responses. Cereb Cortex. 2005;15:2029\u201339.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex."},{"key":"357_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3919","volume":"18","author":"A Hahamy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hahamy A, Behrmann M, Malach R. The idiosyncratic brain: distortion of spontaneous connectivity patterns in autism spectrum disorder. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:302\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci."},{"key":"357_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes AS, Peatfield N, Vakorin V, Doesburg SM. Idiosyncratic organization of cortical networks in autism spectrum disorder. Neuroimage. 2018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.022"},{"key":"357_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dinstein I, Heeger DJ, Lorenzi L, Minshew NJ, Malach R, Behrmann M. Unreliable evoked responses in autism. Neuron. 2012;75:981\u201391.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.07.026"},{"key":"357_CR66","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"RM van Diepen","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Diepen RM, Mazaheri A. The caveats of observing inter-trial phase-coherence in cognitive neuroscience. Sci Rep. Nature Publishing Group. 2018;8:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Sci Rep. Nature Publishing Group"},{"key":"357_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.07.005","volume":"36","author":"S Coghlan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coghlan S, Horder J, Inkster B, Mendez MA, Murphy DG, Nutt DJ. GABA system dysfunction in autism and related disorders: from synapse to symptoms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012;36:2044\u201355.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"357_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.09.048","volume":"44","author":"RJ Moran","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moran RJ, Stephan KE, Seidenbecher T, Pape H-C, Dolan RJ, Friston KJ. Dynamic causal models of steady-state responses. NeuroImage. 2009;44:796\u2013811.","journal-title":"NeuroImage."},{"key":"357_CR69","unstructured":"Ross B, Picton TW, Herdman AT, Pantev C. The effect of attention on the auditory steady-state response. Neurol Clin Neurophysiol NCN. 2004;2004:22\u201322."},{"key":"357_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.09.006","volume":"184","author":"F Destoky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Destoky F, Philippe M, Bertels J, Verhasselt M, Coquelet N, Vander Ghinst M, et al. Comparing the potential of MEG and EEG to uncover brain tracking of speech temporal envelope. NeuroImage. 2019;184:201\u201313.","journal-title":"NeuroImage."},{"key":"357_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng Q, Hegner YL, Giblin I, McMahon C, Johnson BW. Lateralised cerebral processing of abstract linguistic structure in clear and degraded speech. bioRxiv. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; 2020;2020.02.05.934604.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.05.934604"},{"key":"357_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(94)00184-R","volume":"83","author":"GB Azzena","year":"1995","unstructured":"Azzena GB, Conti G, Santarelli R, Ottaviani F, Paludetti G, Maurizi M. Generation of human auditory steadystate responses (SSRs). I: Stimulus rate effects. Hear Res. 1995;83:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Hear Res."},{"key":"357_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(94)00185-S","volume":"83","author":"R Santarelli","year":"1995","unstructured":"Santarelli R, Maurizi M, Conti G, Ottaviani F, Paludetti G, Pettorossi VE. Generation of human auditory steady-state responses (SSRs). II: Addition of responses to individual stimuli. Hear Res. 1995;83:9\u201318.","journal-title":"Hear Res."},{"key":"357_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20182255","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.2255","volume":"285","author":"G Vilidaite","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vilidaite G, Norcia AM, West RJ, Elliott CJ, Pei F, Wade AR, et al. Autism sensory dysfunction in an evolutionarily conserved system. Proc R Soc B. 2018;285:20182255.","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B."},{"key":"357_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2007.01.009","volume":"17","author":"DH Geschwind","year":"2007","unstructured":"Geschwind DH, Levitt P. Autism spectrum disorders: developmental disconnection syndromes. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2007;17:103\u201311.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol."},{"key":"357_CR76","unstructured":"Rapaport H, Seymour RA, Sowman PF, Benikos N, Stylianou E, Johnson BW, et al. . JoVE J Vis Exp. 2019;e58909."},{"key":"357_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-017-0146-8","volume":"8","author":"E Loth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Loth E, Charman T, Mason L, Tillmann J, Jones EJH, Wooldridge C, et al. The EU-AIMS longitudinal European autism project (LEAP): design and methodologies to identify and validate stratification biomarkers for autism spectrum disorders. Mol Autism. 2017; 8:24.","journal-title":"Mol Autism."},{"key":"357_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4094","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24234","volume":"39","author":"F Mamashli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mamashli F, Khan S, Bharadwaj H, Losh A, Pawlyszyn SM, H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen MS, et al. Maturational trajectories of local and long-range functional connectivity in autism during face processing. Hum Brain Mapp. 2018;39:4094\u2013104.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"key":"357_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005592401947","volume":"30","author":"C Lord","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lord C, Risi S, Lambrecht L, Cook EH, Leventhal BL, DiLavore PC, et al. The autism diagnostic observation schedule\u2014generic: a standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2000;30:205\u201323.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"}],"container-title":["Molecular Autism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13229-020-00357-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13229-020-00357-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13229-020-00357-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T19:53:10Z","timestamp":1723146790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/molecularautism.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13229-020-00357-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-020-00357-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/837633","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2040-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 November 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All experimental procedures complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the Aston University, Department of Life & Health Sciences Ethics Committee. Participants and a parent\/guardian gave written informed consent before participating in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"N\/A","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors wish to declare the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"56"}}