{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:28:04Z","timestamp":1790195284835,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insights Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-019-0686-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T11:04:47Z","timestamp":1548673487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The value of CSF flow studies in the management of CSF disorders in children: a pictorial review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4401-9814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaimaa Abdelsattar","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noha Mohamed","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"686_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohammad SA, Osman N (2018) The value of CSF flow studies in the management of CSF disorders in children. ECR 2018. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1594\/ecr2018\/C-0621","DOI":"10.1594\/ecr2018\/C-0621"},{"key":"686_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-014-0333-5","volume":"5","author":"MG Kartal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kartal MG, Algin O (2014) Evaluation of hydrocephalus and other cerebrospinal fluid disorders with MRI: an update. Insights Imaging 5:531\u2013541","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"686_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Battal B, Kocaoglu M, Bulakbasi N, Husmen G, Tuba Sanal H, Tayfun C (2011) Cerebrospinal fluid flow imaging by using phase-contrast MR technique. Br J Radiol 84:758\u2013765","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/66206791"},{"key":"686_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4030","volume":"36","author":"S Yamada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamada S, Tsuchiya K, Bradley WG et al (2015) Current and emerging MR imaging techniques for the diagnosis and management of CSF flow disorders: a review of phase-contrast and time-spatial labeling inversion pulse. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 36:623\u2013630","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"686_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammad SA, Osman N, Battal B, Khalil RM (2018) Phase-contrast and three-dimensional driven equilibrium (3D-DRIVE) sequences in the assessment of paediatric obstructive hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst 34:2223-2231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-018-3850-6"},{"key":"686_CR6","first-page":"808","volume-title":"Pediatric neuroimaging","author":"A Raybaud","year":"2012","unstructured":"Raybaud A, Barkovich AJ (2012) Hydrocephalus. In: Barkovich AJ, Raybaud C (eds) Pediatric neuroimaging, 5th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 808\u2013857","edition":"5"},{"key":"686_CR7","unstructured":"Yildiz H, Erdogan C, Yalcin R (2005) Evaluation of communication between intracranial arachnoid cysts and cisterns with phase-contrast cine MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:145-151"},{"key":"686_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20.e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.02.013","volume":"79","author":"MJ Fritsch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fritsch MJ, Schroeder HW (2013) Endoscopic aqueductoplasty and stenting. World Neurosurg 79:S20.e15\u2013S20.e18","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"686_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3933.ijam20171996","volume":"4","author":"KPS Senger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Senger KPS, Singh RK, Singh AK et al (2017) CSF flowmetry: an innovative technique in diagnosing normal pressure hydrocephalus. Int J Adv Med 4:682\u2013687","journal-title":"Int J Adv Med"},{"key":"686_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2016.09.005","volume":"40","author":"M \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk M, S\u0131\u011f\u0131rc\u0131 A, \u00dcnl\u00fc S (2016) Evaluation of aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics with phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging in normal pediatric cases. Clin Imaging 40:1286\u20131290","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"686_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-011-1617-4","volume":"28","author":"GA Bateman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bateman GA, Brown KM (2012) The measurement of CSF flow through the aqueduct in normal and hydrocephalic children: from where does it come, to where does it go? Childs Nerv Syst 28:55\u201363","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"686_CR12","unstructured":"Unal O, Kartum A, Avcu S, Etlik O, Arslan H, Bora A (2009) Cine phase-contrast MRI evaluation of normal aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid flow according to sex and age. Diagn Interv Radiol 15:227\u2013231"},{"key":"686_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradley WG Jr, Scalzo D, Queralt J, Nitz WN, Atkinson DJ, Wong P (1996) Normal-pressure hydrocephalus: evaluation with cerebrospinal fluid flow measurements at MR imaging. Radiology 198:523\u2013529","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.198.2.8596861"},{"key":"686_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bateman GA, Levi CR, Schofield P, Wang Y, Lovett EC (2005) The pathophysiology of the aqueduct stroke volume in normal pressure hydrocephalus: can co-morbidity with other forms of dementia be excluded? Neuroradiology 47:741\u2013748","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-005-1418-0"},{"key":"686_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2012.11.032","volume":"82","author":"MR McCoy","year":"2013","unstructured":"McCoy MR, Klausner F, Weymayr F et al (2013) Aqueductal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and anatomical configuration of the cerebral aqueduct (AC) in patients with communicating hydrocephalus\u2014the trumpet sign. Eur J Radiol 82:664\u2013670","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"686_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-011-1546-2","volume":"27","author":"G Cinalli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cinalli G, Spennato P, Nastro A et al (2011) Hydrocephalus in aqueductal stenosis. Childs Nerv Syst 27:1621\u20131642","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"686_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1726","volume":"30","author":"A Din\u00e7er","year":"2009","unstructured":"Din\u00e7er A, Kohan S, Ozek MM (2009) Is all \u201ccommunicating\u201d hydrocephalus really communicating? Prospective study on the value of 3D-constructive interference in steady state sequence at 3T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 30:1898\u20131906","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"686_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-011-1558-y","volume":"27","author":"HL Rekate","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rekate HL (2011) A consensus on the classification of hydrocephalus: its utility in the assessment of abnormalities of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Childs Nerv Syst 27:1535\u20131541","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"686_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-5-2","volume":"5","author":"HL Rekate","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rekate HL (2008) The definition and classification of hydrocephalus: a personal recommendation to stimulate debate. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res 5:2","journal-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Res"},{"key":"686_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-2888-y","volume":"32","author":"C Raybaud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raybaud C (2016) MR assessment of pediatric hydrocephalus: a road map. Childs Nerv Syst 32:19\u201341","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"686_CR21","first-page":"71","volume":"2","author":"O Algin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Algin O, Ozmen E, Karaoglanoglu M (2012) The role of MRI in pediatric obstructive hydrocephalus: an update. J Pediatr Neuroradiol 2:71\u201380","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neuroradiol"},{"key":"686_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-015-3395-8","volume":"45","author":"SA Mohammad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohammad SA, Abdelkhalek HS, Ahmed KA, Zaki OK (2015) Glutaric aciduria type 1: neuroimaging features with clinical correlation. Pediatr Radiol 45:1696\u20131705","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"686_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i17","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.1.17","volume":"73","author":"IK Pople","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pople IK (2002) Hydrocephalus and shunts: what the neurologist should know. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 73:i17\u2013i22","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"686_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yildiz H, Yazici Z, Hakyemez B, Erdogan C, Parlak M (2006) Evaluation of CSF flow patterns of posterior fossa cystic malformations using CSF flow MR imaging. Neuroradiology 48(9):595\u2013605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-006-0098-8"},{"key":"686_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Rocco C, Frassanito P, Massimi L, Peraio S (2011) Hydrocephalus and Chiari type I malformation. Childs Nerv Syst 27(10):1653\u20131664","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-011-1545-3"},{"key":"686_CR26","unstructured":"Haughton VM, Korosec FR, Medow JE, Dolar MT, Iskandar BJ (2003) Peak systolic and diastolic CSF velocity in the foramen magnum in adult patients with Chiari I malformations and in normal control participants. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:169\u2013176"},{"key":"686_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quigley MF, Iskandar B, Quigley ME, Nicosia M, Haughton V (2004) Cerebrospinal fluid flow in foramen magnum: temporal and spatial patterns at MR imaging in volunteers and in patients with Chiari I malformation. Radiology 232:229\u2013236","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2321030666"},{"key":"686_CR28","unstructured":"Fukuhara T, Vorster SJ, Ruggieri P, Luciano MG (1999) Third ventriculostomy patency: comparison of findings at cine phase-contrast MR imaging and at direct exploration. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:1560\u20131566"},{"key":"686_CR29","unstructured":"Bargall\u00f3 N, Olondo L, Garcia AI, Capurro S, Caral L, Rumia J (2005) Functional analysis of third ventriculostomy patency by quantification of CSF stroke volume by using cine phase-contrast MR imaging. AJNR Am J NeuroradiolSchroeder HWS 26:2514\u20132521"},{"key":"686_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mater A, Shroff M, Al-Farsi S, Drake J, Goldman RD (2008) Test characteristics of neuroimaging in the emergency department evaluation of children for cerebrospinal fluid shunt malfunction. CJEM 10:131\u2013135","DOI":"10.1017\/S1481803500009842"},{"key":"686_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sivaganesan A, Krishnamurthy R, Sahni D, Viswanathan C (2012) Neuroimaging of ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications in children. Pediatr Radiol 42:1029\u20131046","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2410-6"},{"key":"686_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.PEDS14207","volume":"15","author":"EL Yue","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yue EL, Meckler GD, Fleischman RJ et al (2015) Test characteristics of quick brain MRI for shunt evaluation in children: an alternative modality to avoid radiation. J Neurosurg Pediatr 15:420\u2013426","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"686_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31822784cf","volume":"58","author":"NS Kurwale","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kurwale NS, Agrawal D (2011) Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial shunt tube: a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction. Clin Neurosurg 58:142\u2013183.","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Insights into Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13244-019-0686-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13244-019-0686-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13244-019-0686-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T19:04:12Z","timestamp":1580151852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/insightsimaging.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13244-019-0686-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13244-019-0686-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1869-4101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1869-4101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests<b>.<\/b>","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"3"}}