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However, bone biopsy may be avoided when imaging and clinical characteristic features are present, such as multifocal bone lesions at typical sites, no constitutional symptoms and no signs of infection in laboratory test results. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) can assess signs of acute and chronic inflammation and enables the detection of CNO typical patterns of lesion location and distribution, thereby helping to exclude differential diagnosis. The goal of the present study paper is to review the main clinical and imaging aspects of the disease with emphasis on the role of WB-MRI in the diagnosis, assessment of disease burden and follow-up monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiologists need to be familiar with the imaging features to suggest the diagnosis as the early therapy may help to avoid irreversible secondary damage of skeletal system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-022-01288-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T17:02:44Z","timestamp":1663347764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis: the role of whole-body MRI"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Marcelo Astolfi Caetano","family":"Nico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5719-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via Ferreira","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falio Brand\u00e3o","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela Azevedo Nicodemos","family":"da Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1vio Duarte","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Cerretti","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al\u00edpio Gomes Ormond","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1288_CR1","first-page":"329","volume":"15","author":"A Giedion","year":"1972","unstructured":"Giedion A, Holthusen W, Masel LF et al (1972) Subacute and chronic \u201csymmetrical\u201d osteomyelitis. 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