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However, as a full LCA was not feasible at this time, we evaluated the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (carbon dioxide) emission from the MRI scanner, MR-HIFU device, and the medication used, and analyzed solid waste produced during treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our functional unit was one uterine fibroid MR-HIFU treatment. The moment the patient entered the day care-unit until she left, defined our boundaries of investigation. We retrospectively collected data from 25 treatments to assess the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> emission based on the energy used by the MRI scanner and MR-HIFU device and the amount and type of medication administered. Solid waste was prospectively collected from five treatments.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>During an MR-HIFU treatment, the MRI scanner and MR-HIFU device produced 33.2\u2009\u00b1\u20098.7\u00a0kg of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> emission and medication administered 0.13\u2009\u00b1 0.04\u00a0kg. A uterine fibroid MR-HIFU treatment produced 1.2\u00a0kg (range 1.1\u20131.4) of solid waste.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Environmental impact should ideally be analyzed for all (new) medical treatments. By assessing part of the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> emission and solid waste produced, we have taken the first steps towards analyzing the total environmental impact of the MR-HIFU treatment of uterine fibroids. These data can contribute to future studies comparing the results of MR-HIFU LCAs with LCAs of other uterine fibroid therapies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Critical relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In addition to (cost-)\u00a0effectiveness, the environmental impact of new treatments should be assessed. We took the first steps towards analyzing the total environmental impact of uterine fibroid MR-HIFU.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) should be performed for all (new) medical treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 We took the first steps towards analyzing the environmental impact of uterine fibroid MR-HIFU.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 Energy used by the MRI scanner and MR-HIFU device corresponded to 33.2\u2009\u00b1 8.7\u00a0kg of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> emission.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-024-01655-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T16:03:06Z","timestamp":1711123386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Waste analysis and energy use estimation during MR-HIFU treatment: first steps towards calculating total environmental impact"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4546-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberley J.","family":"Anneveldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid M.","family":"Nijholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joke M.","family":"Schutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wouter J. 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