{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:55:33Z","timestamp":1787961333312,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insights Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Hemato-oncologic children form a heterogeneous group with a wide spectrum of ages, malignancy types, and immunosuppression grades during the different phases of their treatment. Immunosuppression is caused by multiple factors, including the malignancy itself, bone marrow suppression secondary to therapy, and wide use of steroids and antibiotics, among others. At the same time, the risk of infections in these patients remains high because of prolonged hospitalizations or the need for long-timing implanted devices between other features. In this context, a pulmonary fungal infection can rapidly turn into a life-threatening condition that requires early diagnosis and appropriate management. This pictorial essay illustrates the main imaging findings detected in chest computed tomography examinations performed in pediatric hemato-oncologic patients with proven pulmonary invasive fungal infections caused by <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>, or <jats:italic>Mucor<\/jats:italic>. In addition, it describes useful clues for limiting differential diagnoses, reviews the literature on pediatric patients, and compares imaging findings in adults and children.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Critical relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The main fungal pathogens causing invasive fungal infections (IFI) in hemato-oncologic children are <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Mucor<\/jats:italic>. This review describes the most frequently affected organs and the most common imaging findings detected in chest CT exams in children with pulmonary IFI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>To review the main computed tomography imaging findings suggesting pulmonary invasive fungal infection (IFI) in hemato-oncologic children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>To describe differences between pediatric and adult patients with proven pulmonary IFI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>To provide useful clues for limiting the differential diagnosis of pulmonary IFI in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                <\/jats:list><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-024-01871-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T10:28:58Z","timestamp":1733999338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["CT imaging findings of invasive pulmonary fungal infections in hemato-oncologic children"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9359-5845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonor","family":"Alamo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Ceppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estelle","family":"Tenisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Beigelman-Aubry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1871_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2007.05.021","volume":"66","author":"TD Gasparetto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gasparetto TD, Escuissato DL, Marchiori E (2008) Pulmonary infections following bone marrow transplantation: high resolution CT findings in 35 paediatric patients. 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