{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T06:55:48Z","timestamp":1793861748436,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insights Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To develop and validate the performance of CT-based radiomics models for predicting the prognosis of acute pancreatitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>All 344 patients (51\u2009\u00b1\u200915 years, 171 men) in a first episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into training (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009206), validation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200969), and test (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200969) sets with the ratio of 6:2:2. The patients were dichotomized into good and poor prognosis subgroups based on follow-up CT and clinical data. The radiomics features were extracted from contrast-enhanced CT. Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze clinical-radiological features for developing clinical and radiomics-derived models. The predictive performance of each model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Eight pancreatic and six peripancreatic radiomics features were identified after reduction and selection. In the training set, the AUCs of clinical, pancreatic, peripancreatic, radiomics, and combined models were 0.859, 0.800, 0.823, 0.852, and 0.899, respectively. In the validation set, the AUCs were 0.848, 0.720, 0.746, 0.773, and 0.877, respectively. The combined model exhibited the highest AUC among radiomics-based models (pancreatic, peripancreatic, and radiomics models) in both the training (0.899) and validation (0.877) sets (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Further, the AUC of the combined model was 0.735 in the test set. The calibration curve and DCA indicated the combined model had favorable predictive performance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CT-based radiomics incorporating clinical features was superior to other models in predicting AP prognosis, which may offer additional information for AP patients at higher risk of developing poor prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Critical relevance statement<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Integrating CT radiomics-based analysis of pancreatic and peripancreatic features with clinical risk factors enhances the assessment of AP prognosis, allowing for optimal clinical decision-making in individuals at risk of severe AP.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>Radiomics analysis provides help to accurately assess acute pancreatitis (AP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>CT radiomics-based models are superior to the clinical model in the prediction of AP prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>A CT radiomics-based nomogram integrated with clinical features allows a more comprehensive assessment of AP prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                <\/jats:list><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-024-01887-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T14:41:52Z","timestamp":1736433712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Integrating CT-based radiomics and clinical features to better predict the prognosis of acute pancreatitis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinglan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5649-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1887_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31310-6","volume":"396","author":"L Boxhoorn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boxhoorn L, Voermans RP, Bouwense SA et al (2020) Acute pancreatitis. Lancet 396:726\u2013734","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1887_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0087-5","volume":"16","author":"MS Petrov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Petrov MS, Yadav D (2019) Global epidemiology and holistic prevention of pancreatitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:175\u2013184","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1887_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313595","volume":"66","author":"SM van Dijk","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Dijk SM, Hallensleben NDL, van Santvoort HC et al (2017) Acute pancreatitis: recent advances through randomised trials. Gut 66:2024\u20132032","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1887_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314657","volume":"68","author":"NJ Schepers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schepers NJ, Bakker OJ, Besselink MG et al (2019) Impact of characteristics of organ failure and infected necrosis on mortality in necrotising pancreatitis. Gut 68:1044\u20131051","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1887_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.08.029","volume":"510","author":"B Fta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fta B, Hlb C, Liang WB et al (2020) The diagnostic value of serum C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interleukin-6 and lactate dehydrogenase in patients with severe acute pancreatitis\u2014ScienceDirect. Clin Chim Acta 510:665\u2013670","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"1887_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2233010680","volume":"223","author":"EJ Balthazar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Balthazar EJ (2002) Acute pancreatitis: assessment of severity with clinical and CT evaluation. Radiology 223:603\u2013613","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1887_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-019-02319-2","volume":"45","author":"APC Rocha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rocha APC, Schawkat K, Mortele KJ (2020) Imaging guidelines for acute pancreatitis: when and when not to image. Abdom Radiol (NY) 45:1338\u20131349","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"1887_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2018.03.011","volume":"26","author":"KK Porter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Porter KK, Cason DE, Morgan DE (2018) Acute pancreatitis: how can MR imaging help. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 26:439\u2013450","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"1887_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14130778","volume":"274","author":"M Barral","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barral M, Taouli B, Guiu B et al (2015) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the pancreas: current status and recommendations. Radiology 274:45\u201363","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1887_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2016.12.007","volume":"42","author":"AK Iranmahboob","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iranmahboob AK, Kierans AS, Huang C, Ream JM, Rosenkrantz AB (2017) Preliminary investigation of whole-pancreas 3D histogram ADC metrics for predicting progression of acute pancreatitis. Clin Imaging 42:172\u2013177","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"1887_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4408","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5824-1","volume":"29","author":"Y Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Y, Chen TW, Wu CQ et al (2019) Radiomics model of contrast-enhanced computed tomography for predicting the recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Eur Radiol 29:4408\u20134417","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"1887_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2022.05.1347","volume":"24","author":"N Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi N, Zhang X, Zhu Y et al (2022) Predicting persistent organ failure on admission in patients with acute pancreatitis: development and validation of a mobile nomogram. HPB (Oxford) 24:1907\u20131920","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"1887_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-022-01279-4","volume":"13","author":"J Zhong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhong J, Hu Y, Xing Y et al (2022) A systematic review of radiomics in pancreatitis: applying the evidence level rating tool for promoting clinical transferability. Insights Imaging 13:139","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"1887_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302779","volume":"62","author":"PA Banks","year":"2013","unstructured":"Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C et al (2013) Classification of acute pancreatitis-2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut 62:102\u2013111","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1887_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.2014.897608","volume":"14","author":"IP Gomatos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gomatos IP, Xiaodong X, Ghaneh P et al (2014) Prognostic markers in acute pancreatitis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 14:333\u2013346","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"1887_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3610","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05719-y","volume":"64","author":"Y Abu Omar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abu Omar Y, Attar BM, Agrawal R et al (2019) Revised Marshall score: a new approach to stratifying the severity of acute pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 64:3610\u20133615","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"1887_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.010","volume":"139","author":"MS Petrov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petrov MS, Shanbhag S, Chakraborty M, Phillips AR, Windsor JA (2010) Organ failure and infection of pancreatic necrosis as determinants of mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 139:813\u2013820","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1887_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199510000-00007","volume":"23","author":"JC Marshall","year":"1995","unstructured":"Marshall JC, Cook DJ, Christou NV, Bernard GR, Sprung CL, Sibbald WJ (1995) Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome. Crit Care Med 23:1638\u20131652","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1887_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0203940","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203940","volume":"13","author":"YR Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi YR, Chung JW, Yu MH, Lee M, Kim JH (2018) Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced dynamic CT for small hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma and assessment of dynamic enhancement patterns: results of two-year follow-up using cone-beam CT hepatic arteriography. PLoS One 13:e0203940","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1887_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2007.03.002","volume":"11","author":"M Seppa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Seppa M (2007) High-quality two-stage resampling for 3-D volumes in medical imaging. Med Image Anal 11:346\u2013360","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"1887_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koo TK, Li MY (2016) A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med 15:155\u2013163","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"1887_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4292","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09347-5","volume":"33","author":"TM Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim TM, Choi SJ, Ko JY et al (2023) Fully automatic volume measurement of the adrenal gland on CT using deep learning to classify adrenal hyperplasia. Eur Radiol 33:4292\u20134302","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"1887_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0216562","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216562","volume":"14","author":"CN Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu CN, Chen S, Chen H et al (2019) Peak urea level, leukocyte count and use of invasive ventilation as risk factors of mortality in acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study. PLoS One 14:e0216562","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1887_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.03.028","volume":"44","author":"S Karakulak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karakulak S, Narc\u0131 H, Ayr\u0131k C, Erdo\u011fan S, \u00dc\u00e7bilek E (2021) The prognostic value of immature granulocyte in patients with acute pancreatitis. Am J Emerg Med 44:203\u2013207","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"1887_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28121","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028121","volume":"100","author":"GM Dancu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dancu GM, Popescu A, Sirli R et al (2021) The BISAP score, NLR, CRP, or BUN: which marker best predicts the outcome of acute pancreatitis? Medicine (Baltimore) 100:e28121","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1887_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1998594","volume":"53","author":"G Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan G, Li H, Bhetuwal A et al (2021) Pleural effusion volume in patients with acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study from three acute pancreatitis centers. Ann Med 53:2003\u20132018","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"1887_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4846","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i33.4846","volume":"28","author":"ZY Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu ZY, Tian L, Sun XY et al (2022) Development and validation of a risk prediction score for the severity of acute hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis in Chinese patients. World J Gastroenterol 28:4846\u20134860","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1887_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2019.06.004","volume":"19","author":"J Samanta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Samanta J, Rana A, Dhaka N et al (2019) Ascites in acute pancreatitis: not a silent bystander. Pancreatology 19:646\u2013652","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"1887_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar P, Gupta P, Rana S (2018) Thoracic complications of pancreatitis. JGH Open 3:71\u201379","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12099"},{"key":"1887_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.933196","volume":"27","author":"QX Zeng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeng QX, Wu ZH, Huang DL, Huang YS, Zhong HJ (2021) Association between ascites and clinical findings in patients with acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study. Med Sci Monit 27:e933196","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"1887_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000432","volume":"44","author":"SR Mok","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mok SR, Mohan S, Elfant AB, Judge TA (2015) The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation IV, a new scoring system for predicting mortality and complications of severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 44:1314\u20131319","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"1887_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.04.026","volume":"54","author":"S Hagjer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hagjer S, Kumar N (2018) Evaluation of the BISAP scoring system in prognostication of acute pancreatitis\u2014a prospective observational study. Int J Surg 54:76\u201381","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"1887_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.5.1831261","volume":"183","author":"KJ Mortele","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mortele KJ, Wiesner W, Intriere L et al (2004) A modified CT severity index for evaluating acute pancreatitis: improved correlation with patient outcome. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183:1261\u20131265","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"1887_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.141","volume":"14","author":"P Lambin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lambin P, Leijenaar RTH, Deist TM et al (2017) Radiomics: the bridge between medical imaging and personalized medicine. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 14:749\u2013762","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1887_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001935","volume":"50","author":"T Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou T, Xie CL, Chen Y et al (2021) Magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics models to predict early extrapancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 50:1368\u20131375","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"1887_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26798","volume":"51","author":"Q Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin Q, Ji YF, Chen Y et al (2020) Radiomics model of contrast-enhanced MRI for early prediction of acute pancreatitis severity. J Magn Reson Imaging 51:397\u2013406","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"1887_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.777368","volume":"9","author":"Y Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu Y, Liu N, Tang L et al (2022) Three-dimensional radiomics features of magnetic resonance T2-weighted imaging combined with clinical characteristics to predict the recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Front Med 9:777368","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"1887_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13650-y","volume":"13","author":"L Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang L, Ma L, Chen Y et al (2023) Radiomics analysis of contrast-enhanced T1W MRI: predicting the recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Sci Rep 13:2762","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1887_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2019.108778","volume":"123","author":"R Mashayekhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mashayekhi R, Parekh VS, Faghih M, Singh VK, Jacobs MA, Zaheer A (2020) Radiomic features of the pancreas on CT imaging accurately differentiate functional abdominal pain, recurrent acute pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatitis. Eur J Radiol 123:108778","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"}],"container-title":["Insights into Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13244-024-01887-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13244-024-01887-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13244-024-01887-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T14:43:19Z","timestamp":1736433799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/insightsimaging.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13244-024-01887-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13244-024-01887-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1869-4101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1869-4101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and the requirement for written informed consent was waived for the retrospective nature.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"F.W. is affiliated with Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8"}}