{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:33:30Z","timestamp":1774611210407,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Chronic nonhealing wounds are very expensive to treat and debilitating, and they reduce health-related quality of life. Scalp necrosis is very rare due to its rich vascularity. However, any post-traumatic wounds with secondary infection can lead to scalp necrosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We report a case of a 77-year-old Azerbaijani man with a history of diabetes who had a car accident and sustained a scalp wound. He underwent reconstructive surgery for the scalp wound. The wound became infected, and scalp necrosis developed following the surgery. There was no progress in wound healing in spite of conventional wound therapy. We combined maggot debridement therapy with negative-pressure wound therapy and amniotic membrane grafting for 7 months. Necrotic tissues began to be eliminated after the second use of larva therapy, and the wound became free of necrotic tissues with clear increase of granulated tissues after four treatments with maggot debridement therapy. Then, we applied negative-pressure wound therapy and amniotic membrane grafting to accelerate wound healing and improve wound closure. The patient\u2019s scalp wound recovered well, and he was discharged to home in good condition.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Medical and wound care teams can benefit from this combination therapy when dealing with nonhealing necrotic wounds.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-020-02450-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T23:05:35Z","timestamp":1597878335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Using a combination therapy to combat scalp necrosis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kazem","family":"Hajmohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roghayeh","family":"Esmaeili Zabihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Akbarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7393-3010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naser","family":"Parizad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2450_CR1","unstructured":"O\u2019Meara M. The impact of larvae therapy on the debridement of chronic wounds: a systematic review. Master\u2019s dissertation. Dublin: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; 2014. http:\/\/epubs.rcsi.ie\/mscttheses\/52\/. Accessed 20 Nov 2019."},{"issue":"4","key":"2450_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jccw.2014.03.001","volume":"4","author":"K Anderson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anderson K, Hamm RL. Factors that impair wound healing. J Am Coll Clin Wound Spec. 2012;4(4):84\u201391.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Clin Wound Spec"},{"key":"2450_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2147\/CWCMR.S117271","volume":"4","author":"G Naik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naik G, Harding KG. Maggot debridement therapy: the current perspectives. Chronic Wound Care Manag Res. 2017;4:121\u20138.","journal-title":"Chronic Wound Care Manag Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2450_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12127","volume":"22","author":"E Mudge","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mudge E, Price P, Neal W, Harding KG. A randomized controlled trial of larval therapy for the debridement of leg ulcers: results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open, observer blind, parallel group study. Wound Repair Regen. 2014;22(1):43\u201351.","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"issue":"3","key":"2450_CR5","first-page":"438","volume":"13","author":"WS Baer","year":"1931","unstructured":"Baer WS. The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with the maggot (larva of the bow fly). J Bone Joint Surg. 1931;13(3):438\u201375.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2450_CR6","first-page":"27","volume":"39","author":"A Pettican","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pettican A, Baptista C. Maggot debridement therapy and its role in chronic wound management. Singapore Nurs J. 2012;39(1):27\u201333.","journal-title":"Singapore Nurs J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2450_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000275","volume":"134","author":"J Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang J, Hu ZC, Chen D, Guo D, Zhu JY, Tang B. Effectiveness and safety of negative-pressure wound therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: a meta-analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;134(1):141\u201351.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2450_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12395","volume":"12","author":"CM Zelen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zelen CM, Gould L, Serena TE, Carter MJ, Keller J, Li WW. A prospective, randomised, controlled, multi-centre comparative effectiveness study of healing using dehydrated human amnion\/chorion membrane allograft, bioengineered skin substitute or standard of care for treatment of chronic lower extremity diabetic ulcers. Int Wound J. 2015;12(6):724\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iwj.12395.","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2450_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2012.21.6.290","volume":"21","author":"J Forbes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Forbes J, Fetterolf D. Dehydrated amniotic membrane allografts for the treatment of chronic wounds: a case series. J Wound Care. 2012;21(6):290\u20136.","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2450_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ccn.9836","volume":"10","author":"K Hajimohammad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hajimohammad K, Esmaili R, Rahimi Z. Maggot debridement therapy for diabetic foot ulcer: a case report. J Crit Care Nurs. 2017;10(3):e9836.","journal-title":"J Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"2450_CR11","first-page":"65","volume":"32","author":"H Arti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arti H, Khorami M, Ebrahimi-Nejad V. Comparison of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) & conventional wound dressings in the open fracture wounds. Pak J Med Sci. 2016;32(1):65\u20139.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2450_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.18869\/acadpub.beat.5.4.452","volume":"5","author":"M Dehghani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dehghani M, Azarpira N, Karimi VM, Mossayebi H, Esfandiari E. Grafting with cryopreserved amniotic membrane versus conservative wound care in treatment of pressure ulcers: a randomized clinical trial. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2017;5(4):249\u201358.","journal-title":"Bull Emerg Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"2450_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnt.2012.04.011","volume":"9","author":"A Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumar A, Sinha S, Mahapatra AK. Post-traumatic infection induced scalp necrosis \u2013 an unusual complication. Indian J Neurotrauma. 2012;9(1):62\u20133.","journal-title":"Indian J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2450_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.03.1397","volume":"25","author":"X Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun X, Jiang K, Chen J, et al. A systematic review of maggot debridement therapy for chronically infected wounds and ulcers. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;25:32\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2450_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01029.x","volume":"26","author":"A Brown","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brown A, Horobin A, Blount D, et al. Blow fly Lucilia sericata nuclease digests DNA associated with wound slough\/eschar and with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Med Vet Entomol. 2012;26(4):432\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2450_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092096","volume":"9","author":"MJ Van Der Plas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Der Plas MJ, Andersen AS, Nazir S, et al. A novel serine protease secreted by medicinal maggots enhances plasminogen activator-induced fibrinolysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e92096.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2450_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2013.12.004","volume":"20","author":"K Futrega","year":"2014","unstructured":"Futrega K, King M, Lott WB, Doran MR. Treating the whole not the hole: necessary coupling of technologies for diabetic foot ulcer treatment. Trends Mol Med. 2014;20(3):137\u201342.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2450_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S131193","volume":"13","author":"S Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu S, He C, Cai Y, et al. Evaluation of negative-pressure wound therapy for patients with diabetic foot ulcers: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2017;13:533.","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"2450_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-2902.isj20175482","volume":"5","author":"VS Potula","year":"2017","unstructured":"Potula VS. Conventional treatment versus vacuum therapy for diabetic foot ulcers treatment. Int J Surg. 2017;5(1):49\u201353.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2450_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33141","volume":"102","author":"TJ Koob","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koob TJ, Lim JJ, Massee M, Zabek N, Denoziere G. Properties of dehydrated human amnion\/chorion composite grafts: implications for wound repair and soft tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2014;102(6):1353\u201362.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-020-02450-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-020-02450-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-020-02450-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T23:39:08Z","timestamp":1629416348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-020-02450-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-020-02450-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All ethical principles were considered in conducting this case report. The patient signed the consent form, and all patient information\u00a0will be kept confidential.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"132"}}