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On the other hand, these immunotherapies show unique adverse events, termed \u201cimmune-related adverse events,\u201d which are distinctly associated with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Hepatotoxicity is recognized as an immune-related adverse event; prompt treatment with corticosteroids is recommended. However, some cases are refractory to steroids. Here, we report the first case (to our knowledge) of steroid-refractory immune-related hepatitis that was successfully treated with ursodeoxycholic acid and bezafibrate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 68-year-old Asian man, came to our hospital for the treatment of malignant melanoma involving the gingiva and presenting with multiple lymph node and bone metastases was administered nivolumab as a first-line treatment. Two months into treatment, the patient developed diarrhea as a result of immune-related colitis; the colitis was treated successfully with prednisolone 60\u2009mg\/ day, resulting in improvement in the patient\u2019s symptoms. However, when steroids were being tapered, acute elevation of liver enzymes was observed. Autoimmune hepatitis was suspected as an immune-related adverse event, and treatment with intravenous prednisolone 60\u2009mg\/ day was reinitiated. However, restoration of the steroid treatment failed to improve the patient\u2019s liver enzymes. On the basis of histological findings from liver biopsy and exclusion of other etiologies such as viral infection and other drug-induced hepatitis, steroid-refractory hepatic immune-related adverse event was deemed the most likely cause of the patient\u2019s acute hepatitis. In general, mycophenolate mofetil or tacrolimus is known to provide benefits in cases of steroid-refractory hepatitis. We therefore decided to add oral ursodeoxycholic acid and bezafibrate in consideration of the patient\u2019s background of repeated aspiration pneumonia. Administration of this regimen resulted in an improvement in liver function, which remained normal even after tapering of prednisolone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ursodeoxycholic acid and bezafibrate may be useful for treatment of steroid-refractory immune-related adverse event hepatitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-020-02541-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T19:05:44Z","timestamp":1606331144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Ursodeoxycholic acid and bezafibrate were useful for steroid-refractory, immune-related hepatitis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8633-1019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachiyo","family":"Onishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Tajika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Bando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waki","family":"Hosoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Muro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Niwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2541_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10673","volume":"480","author":"I Mellman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mellman I, Coukos G, Dranoff G. 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A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"KM has received research grants from Parexel International, Merck Serono, MSD, Daiichi Sankyo, Sanofi, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Shionogi, Pfizer, Mediscience Planning, and Solasia Pharma (in the role of principal investigator) and has received lecture fees from Eli Lilly, Chugai, Takeda, Ono, Taiho, Sanofi, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Bayer (honoraria). HB has received lecture fees from Taiho Pharmaceutical. SO, MT, YM, WH, and YN declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"230"}}