{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:32:38Z","timestamp":1791495158622,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Breast tuberculosis, also known as tuberculous mastitis, is an extremely rare form of tuberculosis. It accounts for &lt;0.1% of all breast diseases and &lt;2% of all cases of tuberculosis. It is often misdiagnosed as breast cancer, which can potentially lead to a delayed diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 69-year-old Japanese woman presented with a tumor-mimicking lesion in her right breast, followed by intractable mastitis with a fistula formation. The time until the correct diagnosis of tuberculosis of the breast and sternal bone was 14 months.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although rare, it is important to recognize that tuberculous mastitis can present as refractory abscesses\/mastitis or mass lesions that mimic carcinomas in women of reproductive age and elderly people. Breast tuberculosis should always be considered in the differential diagnoses, particularly in patients with a history of tuberculosis and those living in areas where tuberculosis is endemic.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-02712-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:05:34Z","timestamp":1614816334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Breast tuberculosis presenting with intractable mastitis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuka","family":"Sagara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuji","family":"Hatakeyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Kumabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Sakuragi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2712_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-017-0532-z","volume":"207","author":"A Angelopoulou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Angelopoulou A, Field D, Ryan CA, Stanton C, Hill C, Ross RP. The microbiology and treatment of human mastitis. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2018;207:83\u201394.","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"2712_CR2","first-page":"819","volume":"23","author":"FF Ammari","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ammari FF, Yaghan RJ, Omari AK. Periductal mastitis. Clinical characteristics and outcome. Saudi Med J. 2002;23:819\u201322.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J."},{"key":"2712_CR3","first-page":"99","volume":"70","author":"CM Stary","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stary CM, Lee YS, Balfour J. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis associated with Corynebacterium sp. Infection. Hawaii Med J. 2011;70:99\u2013101.","journal-title":"Hawaii Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2712_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2015.12.005","volume":"32","author":"MO Kilic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kilic MO, Saglam C, Agca FD, Terzioglu SG. Clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with breast tuberculosis: analysis of 46 cases. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2016;32(1):27\u201331.","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"2712_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2016.11.023","volume":"72","author":"CF Longman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Longman CF, Campion T, Butler B, Suaris TD, Khanam A, Kunsr H, et al. Imaging features and diagnosis of tuberculosis of the breast. Clin Radiol. 2017;72:217\u201322.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"2712_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.921.422","volume":"78","author":"R Khanna","year":"2002","unstructured":"Khanna R, Prasanna GV, Gupta P, Kumar M, Khanna S, Khanna AK. Mammary tuberculosis: report on 52 cases. Postgrad Med J. 2002;78:422\u20134.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2712_CR7","first-page":"103","volume":"122","author":"M Tewari","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tewari M, Shukla HS. Breast tuberculosis; diagnosis, clinical features and management. Indian J Med Res. 2005;122:103\u201310.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"2712_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3705","volume":"12","author":"B Cakar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cakar B, Ciledag A. Retrospective analysis of seven breast tuberculosis cases. Exp Ther Med. 2016;12:3053\u20137.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med."},{"key":"2712_CR9","first-page":"111","volume":"70","author":"K Fukuoka","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fukuoka K, Choh S, Hamada K, Yoneda T, Narita N. A case of tuberculosis of the breast review of the literature published during the last 10 years in Japan. Kekkaku. 1995;70:111\u20135.","journal-title":"Kekkaku"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02712-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02712-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02712-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:53:04Z","timestamp":1614819184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02712-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02712-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"101"}}