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Neoplastic lymphocytes are seen to invade nerves (cranial or peripheral), nerve roots or other related structures in patients with hematological malignancy. It is a separate entity from central nervous system lymphoma. Neurolymphomatosis has most commonly been described in association with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Neurolymphomatosis in the context of Burkitt lymphoma and the post-renal transplant setting has not been described before.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case reports<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We report for the first time in the Arabian Gulf countries and nearby Arab states four cases of neurolymphomatosis (one Asian, and the other 3 are from Arabic nationals) occurring between 2012 and 2017 involving the median nerve, optic nerve, nerve root and cauda equina in patients with Burkitt lymphoma, Philadelphia chromosome-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Neurolymphomatosis is rare and can be difficult to diagnose by biopsy but reliably confirmed by a combined imaging approach. Prior treatment with high-dose dexamethasone might suppress 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) activity and decrease the sensitivity of positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (PET\/CT). The prognosis is generally poor but using high-dose methotrexate as well as high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation may be an effective way to treat neurolymphomatosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-02714-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T00:06:05Z","timestamp":1616717165000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Neurolymphomatosis of the median nerve, optic nerve, L4 spinal nerve root and cauda equina in patients with B-cell malignancies: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Alazawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Elomri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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