{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T18:24:24Z","timestamp":1751912664437,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thromboangiitis obliterans or Buerger\u2019s disease is a form of peripheral vascular disease in young male smokers. The involvement of the intestine occurs in only about 2% of the cases, when they may present as acute abdomen due to mesenteric ischemia. The uncommonness of the condition makes it a less suspected differential diagnosis, leading to a delay in appropriate management, thereby increasing chances of morbidity or mortality. Cessation of smoking is known to stall the disease progression including visceral involvement, but may not always be the case as happened in the case being presented.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our Indian Hindu male patient, a known smoker, presented with diffuse abdominal pain along with bouts of vomiting and loose motions. He had a prior history of amputation of the right foot, 4 years before. At presentation he had abdominal distension with diffuse tenderness and guarding. An omental band attached to the tip of the appendix was discovered at the initial exploration along with dilated proximal bowel loops, for which a release of the omental band along with appendectomy was done. He developed an enterocutaneous fistula on the 6th postoperative day for which he had to be reexplored, and multiple jejunal perforations were found. Segmental jejunal resection and a Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy with distal ileostomy were done along with a feeding jejunostomy. The patient however again had feculent discharge from the wound for which a third exploration was done. The gastrojejunostomy and feeding jejunostomy sites were leaky, both of which were repaired primarily. The patient developed septicemia which progressed to refractory septic shock, and he ultimately succumbed to his illness on the 23rd postoperative day of the index surgery.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Acute abdomen in a young man who is a chronic smoker and having an antecedent history of amputation of some part of an extremity for a nontraumatic cause should raise the suspicion of Buerger\u2019s disease of the intestine. Although it is a progressive disease and the situation has already progressed by the time intestinal symptoms manifest, early detection may give some scope of salvage and decrease the morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-02719-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T13:09:19Z","timestamp":1619183359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Intestinal thromboangiitis obliterans: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0482-2533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swastik Sourav","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9215-1647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tushar Subhadarshan","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5520-8306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suvradeep","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2449-5514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pankaj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Haglund U. Mesenteric ischemia. In: Surgical treatment: Evidence-based and problem-oriented 2001. Zuckschwerdt.","key":"2719_CR1"},{"issue":"2","key":"2719_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel388","volume":"46","author":"X Puechal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Puechal X, Fiessinger JN. Thromboangiitis obliterans or Buerger\u2019s disease: challenges for the rheumatologist. Rheumatology. 2007;46(2):192\u20139.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2719_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(98)00176-4","volume":"66","author":"JT Lie","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lie JT. Visceral intestinal Buerger\u2019s disease. Int J Cardiol. 1998;66:S249\u201356.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2719_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201750163259","volume":"36","author":"PE Arkkila","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arkkila PE, Kahri A, F\u00e4rkkil\u00e4 M. Intestinal type of thromboangiitis obliterans (buerger disease) preceding symptoms of severe peripheral arterial disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2001;36(6):669\u201372.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2719_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.28.1.84","volume":"28","author":"IJ Schatz","year":"1966","unstructured":"Schatz IJ, Fine G, Eyler WR. Thromboangiitis obliterans. Br Heart J. 1966;28(1):84\u201391.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2719_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-015-0041-6","volume":"10","author":"M Duran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Duran M, Pohl E, Grabitz K, Schelzig H, Sagban TA, Simon F. The importance of open emergency surgery in the treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia. World J Emerg Surg. 2015;10:45.","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2719_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-017-0150-5","volume":"12","author":"M Bala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bala M, Kashuk J, Moore EE, Kluger Y, Biffl W, Gomes CA, et al. Acute mesenteric ischemia: guidelines of the World Society of Emergency Surgery. World J Emerg Surg. 2017;12(1):1\u20131.","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2719_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10016-001-0220-7","volume":"17","author":"YP Cho","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cho YP, Kwon YM, Kwon TW, et al. Mesenteric Buerger\u2019s disease. Ann Vasc Surg. 2003;17:221\u20133.","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2719_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.38","volume":"112","author":"A Nuzzo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nuzzo A, Maggiori L, Ronot M, Becq A, Plessier A, Gault N, et al. Predictive factors of intestinal necrosis in acute mesenteric ischemia prospective study from an Intestinal Stroke Center. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112(4):597\u2013605.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2719_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3690-8","volume":"41","author":"M Leone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leone M, Bechis C, Baumstarck K, Ouattara A, Collange O, Augustin P, et al. Outcome of acute mesenteric ischemia in the intensive care unit: a retrospective, multicenter study of 780 cases. Intensive Care Med. 2015;41(4):667\u201376.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2719_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.06.006","volume":"27","author":"YH Chiu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chiu YH, Huang MK, How CK, Hsu TF, Chen JD, Chern CH, et al. d-Dimer in patients with suspected acute mesenteric ischemia. Am J Emerg Med. 2009;27(8):975\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2719_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-016-0634-0","volume":"42","author":"JVT Tilsed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tilsed JVT, Casamassima A, Kurihara H, Mariani D, Martinez I, Pereira J, et al. ESTES guidelines: acute mesenteric ischaemia. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2016;42:253\u201370.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2719_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.08.006","volume":"31","author":"A Joosten","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joosten A, Alexander B, Cannesson M. Defining goals of resuscitation in the critically Ill patient. Crit Care Clin. 2015;31:113\u201332.","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"2719_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2013.04.002","volume":"93","author":"JL Bobadilla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bobadilla JL. Mesenteric ischemia. Surg Clin N Am. 2013;93(4):925\u201340.","journal-title":"Surg Clin N Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"2719_CR15","first-page":"126","volume":"8","author":"A Abdullah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdullah A, Hayden AR, et al. A challenging case of thromboangiitis obliterans. Br Columbia Med J. 2016;8(3):126\u20139.","journal-title":"Br Columbia Med J."},{"key":"2719_CR16","first-page":"2","volume":"18","author":"PF Wong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wong PF, Gilliam AD, Kumar S, Shenfine J, O\u2019Dair GN, Leaper DJ. Antibiotic regimens for secondary peritonitis of gastrointestinal origin in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;18:2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"unstructured":"Enshaei A, Hajipour B, Masoudi N. Repeated small bowel resection in a patient with Buerger\u2019s disease and intestinal involvement. J Pak Med Assoc. 2016;66(4).","key":"2719_CR17"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02719-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02719-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02719-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T13:22:26Z","timestamp":1619184146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02719-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02719-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1752-1947"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained for publication of this case report and the accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review from the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors do not have any conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"215"}}