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However, the number of reported <jats:italic>R. planticola<\/jats:italic> infections is growing, without a concomitant increase in research on the microbe or its pathogenesis. Previous genomic studies demonstrating genetic similarities between <jats:italic>R. planticola<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> suggest that capsule biosynthesis, mucoid phenotype, biofilm production, and lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) synthesis may all be potential virulence factors of <jats:italic>R. planticola<\/jats:italic>. We present a unique case of <jats:italic>R. planticola<\/jats:italic> infection of the biliary tract 5 years after biliary surgery in a patient with no previously documented risk factors. We also use <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> techniques to predict virulence factors of <jats:italic>R. planticola<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This case report is the first to discuss a <jats:italic>R. planticola<\/jats:italic> infection in the biliary tract of late onset post-surgery (5 years) in a Caucasian patient with no previously documented risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An in-depth search of the current literature did not yield other similar cases of <jats:italic>R. planticola<\/jats:italic> infections. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, our case is the first case of <jats:italic>R. planticola<\/jats:italic> isolated from post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as part of biliary sepsis not associated with gastroenteritis. The late onset of the infection in our patient and the results of the <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> analysis suggest that <jats:italic>R. planticola<\/jats:italic> may have survived exposure to the host immune system through the creation of an intracellular biofilm or in a non-culturable but viable state (NCBV) for the 5-year period. The <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> analysis also suggests that biofilms, enterobactin, and mucoid phenotype may play a role in the pathogenesis of <jats:italic>R. planticola<\/jats:italic>. However, further research is needed to illuminate the significance of pili, capsule biosynthesis, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the virulence of <jats:italic>R. planticola<\/jats:italic>. Lastly, as our patient did not have any risk factors previously associated with <jats:italic>R.<\/jats:italic> planticola, we suggest that biliary tract stricture, cholecystitis, and prior surgery may be possible novel risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-02762-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T23:04:21Z","timestamp":1617750261000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bacteremic cholangitis due to Raoultella planticola complicating intrahepatic bile duct stricture 5 years post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3417-336X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Blihar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phenyo","family":"Phuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Kotelnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2762_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-33-2-133","volume":"33","author":"C Ferragut","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ferragut C, Izard D, Gavini F, Kersters K, De Ley J, Leclerc H. 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