{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:56:23Z","timestamp":1780498583662,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020R1F1A1072795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1F1A1072795"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Hypotony maculopathy has been classically reported as a complication of glaucoma surgery or ocular trauma. There have been only a few reports of hypotony maculopathy following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Here, we report two cases of hypotony maculopathy occurring after PPV for epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal and characteristic photoreceptor folds observed on optical coherence tomography (OCT).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 53-year-old Korean woman (case 1) underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation combined with 25-gauge PPV for ERM removal in the right eye. On the following day, she had severe ocular hypotony, with an intraocular pressure (IOP) that was unmeasurable using a pneumatic tonometer. Despite normalization of IOP, macular retinal and photoreceptor folds with photoreceptor disruptions developed, and Henle\u2019s fiber layer hyperreflectivity was identified. Thereafter, retinal and photoreceptor folds gradually disappeared but photoreceptor disruption and Henle\u2019s fiber layer hyperreflectivity did not improve until 1 year postoperatively, with persistent central visual field distortion and visual acuity worse than that at the preoperative state. A 20-year-old Korean man (case 2) underwent an additional 25-gauge PPV for ERM removal in the left eye. Examination on the following day showed ocular hypotony and retinal folds with peripheral choroidal detachment. Although IOP was normalized, further OCT revealed photoreceptor folds and photoreceptor disruptions. Since then, the photoreceptor folds resolved; however, the photoreceptor disruption remained in the macula at the 1-year follow up, with persistent distorted vision and visual acuity worse than that at the preoperative state.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Early hypotony after vitrectomy for ERM could result in maculopathy leading to irreversible visual decline and metamorphopsia. Photoreceptor folds on OCT are characteristic features and the predominant mechanism of central visual loss in cases of hypotony maculopathy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-02824-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T23:05:54Z","timestamp":1620342354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hypotony maculopathy and photoreceptor folds with disruptions after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane removal: two case reports"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yun Jeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3692-7169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Joon","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2824_CR1","first-page":"672","volume":"125","author":"A Dellaporta","year":"1954","unstructured":"Dellaporta A. Creasing of retina in hypotonia. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd Augenarztl Fortbild. 1954;125(6):672\u20138.","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd Augenarztl Fortbild."},{"key":"2824_CR2","first-page":"343","volume-title":"Contemporary ophthalmology, honoring sir Stewart duke-elder","author":"JDM Gass","year":"1972","unstructured":"Gass JDM. Hypotony maculopathy. In: Bellows JG, editor. Contemporary ophthalmology, honoring sir Stewart duke-elder. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1972. p. 343\u201366."},{"issue":"6","key":"2824_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2007.00910.x","volume":"85","author":"VP Costa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Costa VP, Arcieri ES. Hypotony maculopathy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2007;85(6):586\u201397.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand."},{"issue":"6","key":"2824_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00227-6","volume":"110","author":"LA Fannin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fannin LA, Schiffman JC, Budenz DL. Risk factors for hypotony maculopathy. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(6):1185\u201391.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2824_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2147\/IMCRJ.S86143","volume":"8","author":"BK Williams Jr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williams BK Jr, Chang JS, Flynn HW Jr. Optical coherence tomography imaging of chorioretinal folds associated with hypotony maculopathy following pars plana vitrectomy. Int Med Case Rep J. 2015;8:199\u2013203.","journal-title":"Int Med Case Rep J."},{"issue":"4","key":"2824_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0b013e3181b5f299","volume":"4","author":"KV Chalam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chalam KV, Brar VS, Murthy RK. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography features of hypotonous maculopathy after successful retinal detachment surgery. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2010;4(4):317\u20139.","journal-title":"Retin Cases Brief Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"2824_CR7","first-page":"389","volume":"24","author":"VP Costa","year":"1993","unstructured":"Costa VP, Wilson RP, Moster MR, Schmidt CM, Gandham S. Hypotony maculopathy following the use of topical mitomycin C in glaucoma filtration surgery. Ophthalmic Surg. 1993;24(6):389\u201394.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2824_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72956-3","volume":"118","author":"RM Nuyts","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nuyts RM, Greve EL, Geijssen HC, Langerhorst CT. Treatment of hypotonous maculopathy after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;118(3):322\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2824_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318195cb28","volume":"29","author":"SJ Woo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Woo SJ, Park KH, Hwang J-M, Kim JH, Yu YS, Chung H. Risk factors associated with sclerotomy leakage and postoperative hypotony after 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy. Retina. 2009;29(4):456\u201363.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"2824_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20101124-02","volume":"42","author":"SJ Ahn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahn SJ, Woo SJ, Ahn J, Park KH. Spontaneous resolution of macular fold following retinal reattachment: morphologic features on SD-OCT. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2011;42:e81\u20133.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging."},{"issue":"7","key":"2824_CR11","first-page":"463","volume":"25","author":"JS Duker","year":"1994","unstructured":"Duker JS, Schuman JS. Successful surgical treatment of hypotony maculopathy following trabeculectomy with topical mitomycin C. Ophthalmic Surg. 1994;25(7):463\u20135.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg."},{"key":"2824_CR12","first-page":"859","volume":"9","author":"J Nadal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nadal J, Carreras E, Canut MI, Barraquer RI. Vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling for macular folds secondary to hypotony in myopes. Clin Ophthalmol. 2015;9:859\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02824-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02824-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02824-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T23:35:20Z","timestamp":1620344120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02824-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02824-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Bundang Seoul National University Hospital (B-2004\/607-701), and the study protocol followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patients for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"255"}}