{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T09:47:21Z","timestamp":1779011241920,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Leipzig"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We report a patient who fractured the seventh cervical vertebra while playing a virtual reality (VR) game, without any other trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>This case report aims to describe the spinal trauma incurred during the use of a VR headset in a video game.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Caucasian patient presented with pain and swelling in the lower cervical spine at our clinic after playing a video game involving a combination of shoulder, arm and head movements while wearing a VR headset. Preexisting comorbidities were not present in the 31-year-old male. No history of regular medication use or drug abuse was recorded. After performing a clinical examination and radiological diagnostics, we found a dislocated traumatic fracture of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra. After a soft tissue defect was excluded through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostics, a conservative therapy regimen with pain therapy and immobilization was started.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>After hospitalization, outpatient controls were conducted at 4, 6 and 12 weeks. At 6 weeks after hospitalization, the patient had recovered from the injury without complications.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Rapid movements during VR gaming can lead to injuries of the cervical spine. In addition to rapid movements, the additional weight of the VR headset as well as the decoupling of audiovisual stimuli from the perceived proprioceptive information should be considered. Determining whether this is an isolated incident induced by unknown preexisting factors or whether the trauma mechanism alone can lead to severe spinal trauma needs to be studied further with additional cases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-02880-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]],"date-time":"2021-05-30T23:03:08Z","timestamp":1622415788000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cervical spine injury after virtual reality gaming: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Baur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pfeifle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. E.","family":"Heyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2880_CR1","unstructured":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virtual_reality_headset. Accessed 19 Oct 18."},{"key":"2880_CR2","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.gamespot.com\/articles\/vr-headset-specs-compared-psvr-htc-vive-oculus-rif\/1100-6456697. Accessed 19 Oct 18."},{"key":"2880_CR3","first-page":"36","volume":"22","author":"RD McKellar Hall","year":"1940","unstructured":"McKellar Hall RD. Clay-Shoveler\u2019s fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1940;22:36\u201375.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"7","key":"2880_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2005.07.144","volume":"33","author":"I Hetsroni","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hetsroni I, Mann G, Dolev E, Morgenstern D, Nyska M. Clay Shoveler\u2019s fracture in a volleyball player. Phys Sportsmed. 2005;33(7):38\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3810\/psm.2005.07.144.","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"2880_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jantine et al. The Clay Shoveler's fracture: a case report and review of the Literature Posthuma de Boer. J Emerg Med, 51(3): 292\u2013297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.03.020"},{"issue":"2","key":"2880_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738112467423","volume":"5","author":"SB Behrens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Behrens SB, Deren ME, Matson A, Fadale PD, Monchik KO. Stress fractures of the pelvis and legs in athletes: a review. Sports Health. 2013;5(2):165\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941738112467423.","journal-title":"Sports Health."},{"key":"2880_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3831-3","volume":"25","author":"AR Vaccaro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vaccaro AR, Koerner JD, Radcliff KE, et al. Eur Spine J. 2016;25:2173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-015-3831-3.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"18","key":"2880_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00749","volume":"99","author":"EB Gausden","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gausden EB, Nwachukwu BU, Schreiber JJ, Lorich DG, Lane JM. Opportunistic Use of CT imaging for osteoporosis screening and bone density assessment: a qualitative systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017;99(18):1580\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.16.00749.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"2880_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4172\/2471-8416.100014","volume":"2","author":"SP Patel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patel SP, et al. Normative vertebral hounsfield unit values and correlation with bone mineral density. J Clin Exp Orthop. 2016;2:14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2471-8416.100014.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Orthop."},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"2880_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25S","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217745062","volume":"8","author":"P Schleicher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schleicher P, Kobbe P, Kandziora F, et al. Treatment of injuries to the subaxial cervical spine: recommendations of the spine section of the german society for orthopaedics and trauma (DGOU). Global Spine J. 2018;8(2 Suppl):25S-33S.","journal-title":"Global Spine J."},{"key":"2880_CR11","unstructured":"Statista.\u00a0Worldwide virtual reality (VR) headset unit sales by brand in 2016 and 2017 (in millions). https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/752110\/global-vr-headset-sales-by-brand\/. Accessed 19 Oct 18."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02880-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02880-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02880-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]],"date-time":"2021-05-30T23:04:14Z","timestamp":1622415854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02880-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-021-02880-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-1947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-1947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Consent was given by the patient in oral and written forms. Ethics approval through our ethics committee was waived due to the retrospective nature of the presented case report, and there were no immediate therapeutic consequences for the patient.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"312"}}