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Pleuritis caused by <jats:italic>Mycobacterium\u00a0avium<\/jats:italic> complex pulmonary disease presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule is extremely rare. The pathogenesis of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium\u00a0avium<\/jats:italic> complex pleuritis has not been elucidated. However, it has been suggested that secondary spontaneous pneumothorax from <jats:italic>Mycobacterium\u00a0avium<\/jats:italic> complex pulmonary disease is one of the causes of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium\u00a0avium<\/jats:italic> complex pleuritis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 67-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a solitary pulmonary nodule developed a transient pneumothorax after transbronchial biopsy. A definitive diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule could not be made on bronchoscopy, so video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed 1\u00a0month after bronchoscopy. On the day of hospitalization for the procedure, a left-sided pleural effusion appeared on a chest radiograph. Thickening of the parietal and visceral pleura and numerous scattered white small granules were seen on thoracoscopy. Histologic examination of the resected left lower lobe and a biopsy of the parietal pleura showed <jats:italic>Mycobacterium\u00a0avium<\/jats:italic> complex solitary pulmonary nodule and <jats:italic>Mycobacterium\u00a0avium<\/jats:italic> complex pleuritis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Iatrogenic pneumothorax can be a cause of pleuritis in a patient with <jats:italic>Mycobacterium\u00a0avium<\/jats:italic> complex pulmonary disease. Clinicians should watch for the appearance of secondary pleuritis after transbronchial biopsy even in a patient with localized disease such as <jats:italic>Mycobacterium\u00a0avium<\/jats:italic> complex solitary pulmonary nodule.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-02929-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T23:04:14Z","timestamp":1625958254000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A solitary pulmonary nodule caused by Mycobacterium avium with pleural effusion and pleuritis after transbronchial biopsy: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4136-2879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigenari","family":"Nukaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Satomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiko","family":"Oyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arafumi","family":"Maeshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Oyamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2929_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91879","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091879","volume":"9","author":"M Mirsaeidi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mirsaeidi M, Machado RF, Garcia JG, Schraufnagel DE. 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